文摘
Technical and vocational higher education are redefining teaching and research practises towards more participatory labour market training. Short-term problem-based, project-oriented research learning is central to modern training in technical and vocational higher education in the Netherlands and Germany. Short-cycle courses are offering a new access route to higher education, particularly through technical and vocational higher education, decreasing dropout rates. New opportunities for training the labour force in Portugal may involve short-cycle education with industry and community collaboration.