Acute exposure to a Mn/Zn ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate fungicide leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species production in Caenorhabditis elegans
C. elegans acutely treated with manzate show reduced ATP levels. The decreased ATP may be attributed to Complex III inhibition. Mitochondrial inhibition is associated with increased hydrogen peroxide levels. Increased glutathione-S-transferase levels correlate with oxidative stress. Mitochondrial inhibition and oxidative stress may be mechanisms of manzate toxicity.