Mortality Among Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer Excluded from the ProtecT Trial

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• 作者：Thomas J. Johnston^a ; ^&dagger ; ; ^{thomasjohnston1@nhs.net} ; Greg L. Shaw^a ; ^b ; Alastair D. Lamb^a ; ^b ; ^&dagger ; ; Deepak Parashar^c ; David Greenberg^d ; Tengbin Xiong^a ; Alison L. Edwards^a ; Vincent Gnanapragasam^a ; Peter Holding^e ; Phillipa Herbert^a ; Michael Davis^f ; Elizabeth Mizielinsk^f ; J. Athene Lane^f ; Jon Oxley^g ; Mary Robinson^h ; Malcolm Masonⁱ ; John Staffurthⁱ ; Prasad Bollina^j ; James Catto^k ; Andrew Doble^l ; Alan Doherty^m ; David Gillattⁿ ; Roger Kockelbergh^o ; Howard Kynaston^p ; Steve Prescott^q ; Alan Paul^q ; Philip Powell^r ; Derek Rosario^k ; Edward Roweⁿ ; Jenny L. Donovan^f ; ^&dagger ; ; Freddie C. Hamdy^e ; ^&dagger ; ; David E. Neal^a ; ^e ; ^&dagger ; ; ^{den22@cam.ac.uk} ; for the ProtecT study group^&sect ;
• 关键词：Prostate cancer ; Prostate-specific antigen screening ; Survival
• 刊名：European Urology
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：March 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：71
• 期：3
• 页码：381-388
• 全文大小：849 K
• 卷排序：71

文摘

Early detection and treatment of asymptomatic men with advanced and high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) may improve survival rates.ObjectiveTo determine outcomes for men diagnosed with advanced PCa following prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing who were excluded from the ProtecT randomised trial.Design, setting, and participantsMortality was compared for 492 men followed up for a median of 7.4 yr to a contemporaneous cohort of men from the UK Anglia Cancer Network (ACN) and with a matched subset from the ACN.Outcome measurements and statistical analysisPCa-specific and all-cause mortality were compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox's proportional hazards regression.Results and limitationsOf the 492 men excluded from the ProtecT cohort, 37 (8%) had metastases (N1, M0 = 5, M1 = 32) and 305 had locally advanced disease (62%). The median PSA was 17 μg/l. Treatments included radical prostatectomy (RP; n = 54; 11%), radiotherapy (RT; n = 245; 50%), androgen deprivation therapy (ADT; n = 122; 25%), other treatments (n = 11; 2%), and unknown (n = 60; 12%). There were 49 PCa-specific deaths (10%), of whom 14 men had received radical treatment (5%); and 129 all-cause deaths (26%). In matched ProtecT and ACN cohorts, 37 (9%) and 64 (16%), respectively, died of PCa, while 89 (22%) and 103 (26%) died of all causes. ProtecT men had a 45% lower risk of death from PCa compared to matched cases (hazard ratio 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.38–0.83; p = 0.0037), but mortality was similar in those treated radically. The nonrandomised design is a limitation.ConclusionsMen with PSA-detected advanced PCa excluded from ProtecT and treated radically had low rates of PCa death at 7.4-yr follow-up. Among men who underwent nonradical treatment, the ProtecT group had a lower rate of PCa death. Early detection through PSA testing, leadtime bias, and group heterogeneity are possible factors in this finding.Patient summaryProstate cancer that has spread outside the prostate gland without causing symptoms can be detected via prostate-specific antigen testing and treated, leading to low rates of death from this disease.