This paper compares two estimators for the dynamic identification of elastic constants of thick laminated composite plates. The plate’s response is modeled by finite elements based on Reddy’s third-order theory. The elastic constants are estimated within a Bayesian framework, using two estimators available in the literature. The estimators differ in the way they account for a priori information on the elastic constants to be identified. The resultant estimation procedures are critically examined and compared by paying special attention to the influence of a priori information on the final estimates. A unified interpretation of the two estimators is given and a modified strategy is proposed in order to improve reliability and convergence of the estimation process. Identification results for various case studies are presented.