Smoking-Cessation Interventions for Urban Hospital Patients: A Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Trial

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• 作者：Scott E. Sherman ; MD ; MPH¹ ; ² ; ³ ; ^{scott.sherman@med.nyu.edu" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Alissa R. Link ; MPH¹ ; Erin S. Rogers ; MPH¹ ; ⁴ ; Paul Krebs ; PhD¹ ; ⁴ ; Joseph A. Ladapo ; MD ; PhD¹ ; ³ ; Donna R. Shelley ; MD ; MPH¹ ; ³ ; Yixin Fang ; PhD¹ ; Binhuan Wang ; PhD¹ ; Ellie Grossman ; MD ; MPH¹ ; ³
• 刊名：American Journal of Preventive Medicine
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：October 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：51
• 期：4
• 页码：566-577
• 全文大小：701 K

文摘

Hospitalization is a unique opportunity for smoking cessation, but prior interventions have measured efficacy with narrowly defined populations. The objective of this study was to enroll smokers admitted to two “safety net” hospitals and compare the effectiveness of two post-discharge cessation interventions.

Design

A randomized comparative effectiveness trial was conducted.

Setting/participants

At two New York City public hospitals, every hospitalized patient identified as a smoker (based on admission records) was approached. Inclusion criteria were: smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days; spoke English, Spanish, or Mandarin; had a U.S. phone number; not discharged to an institution where follow-up or smoking was limited; and not pregnant/breastfeeding. Of 18,797 patients identified as current smokers between July 2011 and April 2014, a total of 3,047 (16%) were discharged before being approached, 3,273 (17%) were not current smokers, 4,026 (21%) had no U.S. phone number, 2,831 (15%) were ineligible for other reasons, and 3,983 (21%) refused participation. In total, 1,618 (9%) participants enrolled in the study. During follow-up, 69% of participants were reached at 2 months and 68% at 6 months.

Intervention

At discharge, participants were randomized to multisession telephone counseling from study staff (n=804) or referral to the state quitline for proactive outreach and counseling (n=814).

Main outcome measures

Self-reported abstinence at 6 months was measured. Analyses were conducted in late 2015.

Results

One quarter of participants were homeless or in unstable housing, 60% had a history of substance abuse, 43% reported current hazardous drinking, and half had a psychiatric diagnosis other than substance abuse. At follow-up, the rate of abstinence (30-day point prevalence) was higher in the intensive counseling arm than the quitline arm at 2 months (29.0% vs 20.7%; relative risk=1.40; 95% CI=1.13, 1.73) and 6 months (37.4% vs 31.5%; relative risk=1.19; 95% CI=1.01, 1.40).

Conclusions

Intensive counseling was more effective than referral to the state quitline. Long-term abstinence was excellent in both groups. Many patients were not eligible for enrollment despite minimal exclusion criteria.

Trial Registration

This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01363245.