We aimed to identify autoreactive T cells to FcεRIα in patients with CSU and determine their relationship with autoantibodies to FcεRIα and their diagnostic value.
T-cell responses to FcεRIα were measured as proliferation by carboxy-fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester dye dilution and cytokine secretion by ELISpot. Serum autoantibodies to FcεRIα were detected by radioimmunoprecipitation.
Blood CD4+ T-cell proliferation to FcεRIα was detected in 27% of the subjects with CSU and 0% of controls; IFN-γ responses to FcεRIα were detected in 53%, and IL-5 or IL-13 responses in a minority of subjects with CSU. Serum FcεRIα autoantibodies were detected in 43% of subjects with CSU and 0% of controls. IFN-γ and autoantibody responses to FcεRIα were inversely related, with IFN-γ responses being detected earlier than autoantibodies in disease. Combined with autoantibody, T-cell responses to FcεRIα conferred high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
Autoreactive CD4+ T cells that target FcεRIα were detected in most subjects with CSU, with a cytokine secretion profile more typical of a TH1-cell response. The inverse relationship between IFN-γ and autoantibody responses to FcεRIα may signify different stages in the disease course. Our findings suggest that measurement of T-cell as well as autoantibody responses to FcεRIα could improve diagnostic accuracy in subjects with CSU.
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