Microwave-assisted reduction of levulinic acid with alcohols producing γ-valerolactone in the presence of a Ru/C catalyst
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- 作者：Mohammad Ghith Al-Shaal ; Marc Calin ; Irina Delidovich ; Regina Palkovits ; Palkovits@itmc.rwth-aachen.de" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author
- 关键词：Microwave ; Hydrogenation ; γ-Valerolactone ; Levulinic acid ; Alkyl levulinates ; Ruthenium
- 刊名：Catalysis Communications
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：5 February 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：75
- 期：Complete
- 页码：65-68
- 全文大小：480 K
文摘
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Ru catalyses reduction of levulinic acid with secondary alcohols to γ-valerolactone.
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Reaction rate increases under microwave irradiation compared to conventional heating.
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i-Propanol and 2-butanol are the best reductants for levulinic acid and its esters.
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The dehydrogenation–hydrogenation mechanism with Ru0 active species was proposed.
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Ru/C exhibited stability upon recycling.