Compared with electronic chaos communication, optical chaos communication can offer very large bandwidth and low attenuation of fiber channel, which can be more secure and reliable.

In this paper, based on the two synchronized VCSELs, we proposed a long-distance multi-channel bidirectional chaos communication system, and investigated its synchronization properties and communication performances theoretically.

Chaotic signals can be obtained from D-VCSEL and R-VCSELs in both x-LP and y-LP modes, simultaneously.

Besides, high quality chaos synchronization between R-VCSEL1 and R-VCSEL2 in two LP modes can be achieved while poor synchronization between D-VCSEL and R-VCSEL is kept under suitable parameters.

Meanwhile, we also studied the parameters mismatch between the two R-VCSELs.

Furthermore, we investigated the effects of varied qualities of chaos synchronization on communication performances by regulating different internal parameters mismatch, simultaneously.

The result shows that the system is sensitive to synchronization property.

Finally, based on high quality synchronization, multiple 10 Gbit/s long messages can be efficiently encrypted and decrypted bidirectionally in 180 km SMF multi-channel through different paths by numerical simulation after adopting DCF links to compensate chromatic dispersion, which still be accompanied by the BERs of less than 10⁻⁹ in all channels.

We hope our research will be useful for the realization of optical chaos communication networks.