In this study, HRV measures were derived from electrocardiography data of patients with PNES, obtained during video-electroencephalography monitoring.

This study provides evidence for increased sympathetic functioning - and therewith possibly increased arousal - shortly before the occurrence of a PNES episode.

Parasympathetic functioning increases during and after a PNES episode, which suggests that PNES may serve as a coping mechanism in dealing with increased arousal.