A cleaner burning biomass-fuelled cookstove intervention to prevent pneumonia in children under 5 years old in rural Malawi (the Cooking and Pneumonia Study): a cluster randomised controlled trial

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• 作者：Dr Kevin Mortimer ; PhD^a ; ^b ; ^{Kevin.mortimer@lstmed.ac.uk} ; Chifundo B Ndamala ; Dip^a ; Andrew W Naunje^a ; Jullita Malava ; MPH^c ; Cynthia Katundu ; Dip^c ; William Weston ; MBChB^a ; ^b ; Deborah Havens ; DO^b ; Daniel Pope ; PhD^d ; Prof Nigel G Bruce ; PhD^d ; Prof Moffat Nyirenda ; PhD^c ; ^e ; Prof Duolao Wang ; PhD^b ; Amelia Crampin ; MPH^c ; ^e ; Prof Jonathan Grigg ; MD^f ; Prof John Balmes ; MD^g ; ^h ; Prof Stephen B Gordon ; MD^a ; ^b
• 刊名：The Lancet
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：14-20 January 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：389
• 期：10065
• 页码：167-175
• 全文大小：343 K
• 卷排序：389

文摘

WHO estimates exposure to air pollution from cooking with solid fuels is associated with over 4 million premature deaths worldwide every year including half a million children under the age of 5 years from pneumonia. We hypothesised that replacing open fires with cleaner burning biomass-fuelled cookstoves would reduce pneumonia incidence in young children.MethodsWe did a community-level open cluster randomised controlled trial to compare the effects of a cleaner burning biomass-fuelled cookstove intervention to continuation of open fire cooking on pneumonia in children living in two rural districts, Chikhwawa and Karonga, of Malawi. Clusters were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups using a computer-generated randomisation schedule with stratification by site, distance from health centre, and size of cluster. Within clusters, households with a child under the age of 4·5 years were eligible. Intervention households received two biomass-fuelled cookstoves and a solar panel. The primary outcome was WHO Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI)-defined pneumonia episodes in children under 5 years of age. Efficacy and safety analyses were by intention to treat. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN59448623.FindingsWe enrolled 10 750 children from 8626 households across 150 clusters between Dec 9, 2013, and Feb 28, 2016. 10 543 children from 8470 households contributed 15 991 child-years of follow-up data to the intention-to-treat analysis. The IMCI pneumonia incidence rate in the intervention group was 15·76 (95% CI 14·89–16·63) per 100 child-years and in the control group 15·58 (95% CI 14·72–16·45) per 100 child-years, with an intervention versus control incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 1·01 (95% CI 0·91–1·13; p=0·80). Cooking-related serious adverse events (burns) were seen in 19 children; nine in the intervention and ten (one death) in the control group (IRR 0·91 [95% CI 0·37–2·23]; p=0·83).InterpretationWe found no evidence that an intervention comprising cleaner burning biomass-fuelled cookstoves reduced the risk of pneumonia in young children in rural Malawi. Effective strategies to reduce the adverse health effects of household air pollution are needed.FundingMedical Research Council, UK Department for International Development, and Wellcome Trust.