We measured 18 heavy metals in repeated urine samples as exposure markers.
Associations of the metals with hormones and sperm DNA integrity were assessed.
Tin, nickel, zinc and molybdenum were inversely associated with T or T/LH ratio.
Manganese was positively associated with percentage of Annexin V +/PI- spermatozoa.
Urinary iron was inversely associated with percentage of PI + spermatozoa.
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