Differences in the consolidation effect and in the physical properties.
Alkoxysilanes: produce a layer which occludes the pores and remains hydrophobic after 1 month.
Nano Ca(OH)2 and SiO2 produce changes due to the creation of micropores.
Nano SiO2 in dry RH: moderate physical changes, less shrinkage and color changes.
Nano Ca(OH)2: barely change physical properties, lowest surface-internal consolidation effectiveness.