Synthesis of co-doped Yb3+-Er3+:ZrO2 upconversion nanoparticles and their applications in enhanced photovoltaic properties of quantum dot sensitized solar cells
Yb3+-Er3+:ZrO2 nanoparticles are synthesized by co-precipitation method. Both QDs and ZrO2 with rare earths assembled to passivate in QDSSCs. Doping of Yb3+-Er3+ with the ZrO2 is the key for FF (∼69%) improvement. Cell efficiency improved 55% with use of Yb3+-Er3+:ZrO2 passivation layer. EIS was successfully applied in the assessment of degradation of coatings.