Temporary-permanent pacemakers [TPPM] are externally placed permanent generators attached to active fixation transvenous leads. Use of TPPM generally includes use of an active fixation lead designed for implantation with a permanent pacemaker.

TPPM can be used as an alternative to standard temporary pacing leads when placement of a permanent pacemaker is contraindicated.

We examined the incidence and risk factors for early (within 6 months) mortality after placement of a TPPM.

Our results show that TPPM placement is a safe procedure with rare direct complications and that CKD and smoking are predictive of increased risk for early mortality in patients undergoing TPPM placement.