To avoid cytotoxicity, considering the concentration of PSs and laser irradiation time is essential for aPDT as an alternative treatment in the management of periodontal disease.
When aPDT was used, the cell viability decreased with increasing exposure time of laser and decreasing concentrations of ICG.
The cell cytotoxicity during aPDT with the lowest concentrations of curcumin is much higher than that in other groups.