Evolutionary Characteristics of Missing Proteins: Insights into the Evolution of Human Chromosomes Related to Missing-Protein-Encoding Genes

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• 作者：Aishi Xu ; Guang Li ; Dong Yang ; Songfeng Wu ; Hongsheng Ouyang ; Ping Xu ; Fuchu He
• 刊名：Journal of Proteome Research
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 4, 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：14
• 期：12
• 页码：4985-4994
• 全文大小：586K
• ISSN：1535-3907

文摘

Although the 鈥渕issing protein鈥?is a temporary concept in C-HPP, the biological information for their 鈥渕issing鈥?could be an important clue in evolutionary studies. Here we classified missing-protein-encoding genes into two groups, the genes encoding PE2 proteins (with transcript evidence) and the genes encoding PE3/4 proteins (with no transcript evidence). These missing-protein-encoding genes distribute unevenly among different chromosomes, chromosomal regions, or gene clusters. In the view of evolutionary features, PE3/4 genes tend to be young, spreading at the nonhomology chromosomal regions and evolving at higher rates. Interestingly, there is a higher proportion of singletons in PE3/4 genes than the proportion of singletons in all genes (background) and OTCSGs (organ, tissue, cell type-specific genes). More importantly, most of the paralogous PE3/4 genes belong to the newly duplicated members of the paralogous gene groups, which mainly contribute to special biological functions, such as 鈥渟mell perception鈥? These functions are heavily restricted into specific type of cells, tissues, or specific developmental stages, acting as the new functional requirements that facilitated the emergence of the missing-protein-encoding genes during evolution. In addition, the criteria for the extremely special physical鈥揷hemical proteins were first set up based on the properties of PE2 proteins, and the evolutionary characteristics of those proteins were explored. Overall, the evolutionary analyses of missing-protein-encoding genes are expected to be highly instructive for proteomics and functional studies in the future.