Polyhydroxyanthraquinones as Quorum Sensing Inhibitors from the Guttates of Penicillium restrictum and Their Analysis by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

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• 作者：Mario Figueroa ; Alan K. Jarmusch ; Huzefa A. Raja ; Tamam El-Elimat ; Jeffrey S. Kavanaugh ; Alexander R. Horswill ; R. Graham Cooks ; Nadja B. Cech ; Nicholas H. Oberlies
• 刊名：Journal of Natural Products
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：June 27, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：77
• 期：6
• 页码：1351-1358
• 全文大小：479K
• ISSN：1520-6025

文摘

The endophytic fungus Penicillium restrictum was isolated from the stems of a milk thistle (Silybum marianum) plant. In culture, the fungus produced distinct red guttates, which have been virtually uninvestigated, particularly from the standpoint of chemistry. Hence, this study examined the chemical mycology of P. restrictum and, in doing so, uncovered a series of both known and new polyhydroxyanthraquinones (1鈥?b>9). These compounds were quorum sensing inhibitors in a clinical isolate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with IC₅₀ values ranging from 8 to 120 渭M, suggesting antivirulence potential for the compounds. Moreover, the spatial and temporal distribution of the polyhydroxyanthraquinones was examined in situ via desorption electrospray ionization鈥搈ass spectrometry (DESI-MS) imaging, demonstrating the first application of this technique to a guttate-forming fungus and revealing both the concentration of secondary metabolites at the ventral surface of the fungus and their variance in colonies of differing ages.