Brominated Flame Retardants in Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) from Alaska, the Canadian Arctic, East Greenland, and Svalbard
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- 作者：Derek C. G. Muir ; Sean Backus ; Andrew E. Derocher ; Rune Dietz ; Thomas J. Evans ; Geir W. Gabrielsen ; John Nagy ; Ross J. Norstrom ; Christian Sonne ; Ian Stirling ; Mitch K. Taylor ; and Robert J. Letcher
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2006
- 出版时间：January 15, 2006
- 年：2006
- 卷：40
- 期：2
- 页码：449 - 455
- 全文大小：274K
- 年卷期：v.40,no.2(January 15, 2006)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determinedin adipose tissue of adult and subadult female polarbears sampled between 1999 and 2002 from sub-populationsin Arctic Canada, eastern Greenland, and Svalbard, andin males and females collected from 1994 to 2002 innorthwestern Alaska. Only 4 congeners (BDE47, 99, 100,and 153) were consistently identified in all samples. BDE47was the major PBDE congener representing from 65% to82% of the sum (
) PBDEs. Age was not a significant co-variate for individual PBDEs or PBDE. Higher proportionsof BDE 99, 100, and 153 were generally found in samplesfrom the Canadian Arctic than from Svalbard or the Bering-Chukchi Sea area of Alaska. Geometric mean PBDEconcentrations were highest for female polar bear fatsamples collected from Svalbard (50 ng/g lipid weight (lw))and East Greenland (70 ng/g lw). Significantly lowerPBDE concentrations were found in fat of bears fromCanada and Alaska (means ranging from 7.6 to 22 ng/g lw).For the entire dataset, PBDE concentrations werecorrelated with PCBs. Higher total hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD) concentrations were found in fat of bears fromGreenland and Svalbard than in those from Alaska. Thegeographical trends for PBDEs and HBCD parallel those forPCBs implying similar source regions for long rangetransport to the Arctic and bioaccumulation pathways inthe arctic marine food web. All four major PBDE congenerswere found to biomagnify from ringed seals to polarbears. BDE153 showed the greatest (71×) biomagnificationfactors (BMFs) and, on average, had a BMF that was 5.5-fold higher than for PCB congener 153 (13×) but similarto PCB congener 194 (73×), indicating that it is a highlybioaccumulative compound.
) PBDEs. Age was not a significant co-variate for individual PBDEs or PBDE. Higher proportionsof BDE 99, 100, and 153 were generally found in samplesfrom the Canadian Arctic than from Svalbard or the Bering-Chukchi Sea area of Alaska. Geometric mean PBDEconcentrations were highest for female polar bear fatsamples collected from Svalbard (50 ng/g lipid weight (lw))and East Greenland (70 ng/g lw). Significantly lowerPBDE concentrations were found in fat of bears fromCanada and Alaska (means ranging from 7.6 to 22 ng/g lw).For the entire dataset, PBDE concentrations werecorrelated with PCBs. Higher total hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD) concentrations were found in fat of bears fromGreenland and Svalbard than in those from Alaska. Thegeographical trends for PBDEs and HBCD parallel those forPCBs implying similar source regions for long rangetransport to the Arctic and bioaccumulation pathways inthe arctic marine food web. All four major PBDE congenerswere found to biomagnify from ringed seals to polarbears. BDE153 showed the greatest (71×) biomagnificationfactors (BMFs) and, on average, had a BMF that was 5.5-fold higher than for PCB congener 153 (13×) but similarto PCB congener 194 (73×), indicating that it is a highlybioaccumulative compound.