Fusion of lipid-enveloped viruses with endosomal membranes triggered by low pH in the endosome is a key step in the course of viralinfection. This ubiquitous mechanism can be used to integrate functional nanoparticles of viral origin into composite materials consisting ofa polyelectrolyte multilayer with an adsorbed lipid membrane in a natural and biomimetic way. Polyelectrolyte multilayers as the support forthe lipid membrane are a versatile means to combine the biological functions of the viral surface with the multiplicity of polyelectrolyte bornefunctions into a novel bio/nonbio composite material.