A Mixed-Unit Input-Output Model for Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment and Material Flow Analysis

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• 作者：Troy Hawkins ; Chris Hendrickson ; Cortney Higgins ; H. Scott Matthews ; Sangwon Suh
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2007
• 出版时间：February 1, 2007
• 年：2007
• 卷：41
• 期：3
• 页码：1024 - 1031
• 全文大小：188K
• 年卷期：v.41,no.3(February 1, 2007)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Materials flow analysis models have traditionally beenused to track the production, use, and consumption ofmaterials. Economic input-output modeling has been usedfor environmental systems analysis, with a primarybenefit being the capability to estimate direct and indirecteconomic and environmental impacts across the entiresupply chain of production in an economy. We combinethese two types of models to create a mixed-unit input-output model that is able to better track economic transactionsand material flows throughout the economy associatedwith changes in production. A 13 by 13 economic input-output direct requirements matrix developed by theU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis is augmented withmaterial flow data derived from those published by theU.S. Geological Survey in the formulation of illustrative mixed-unit input-output models for lead and cadmium. Theresulting model provides the capabilities of both materialflow and input-output models, with detailed material trackingthrough entire supply chains in response to any monetaryor material demand. Examples of these models areprovided along with a discussion of uncertainty andextensions to these models.