HMG box 5 of human upstream binding factor (hUBF) consists of three
-helices arrangedin an L-shape with a hydrophobic core embraced by these helices and stabilized by extensive hydrophobicinteractions between nonpolar residues around the core. The GdmCl-induced equilibrium unfoldingtransition of HMG box 5 of hUBF was monitored by both circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescencespectra. A cooperative two-state unfolding process was observed. The unfolding free energy,
GU(D
2O),and the cooperativity of the unfolding reaction,
m, are 4.6 ± 0.16 kcal·mol
-1 and 1.62 ± 0.06kcal·mol
-1·M
-1, respectively. Native-state hydrogen exchange (NHX) experiments under EX2 conditionswere performed. NHX results clearly show that the hydrophobic core among the three helices is a slow-exchange core. The three helices would not contribute equally to the stability of the native protein. Helix3 appears to contribute the least to the stability. The NHX data have also allowed the local, subglobal,and global unfolding structures of hUBF HMG box 5 to be dissected, and common global and subglobalunfolding units were successfully detected.