Butenolide Inhibits Marine Fouling by Altering the Primary Metabolism of Three Target Organisms

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• 作者：Yi-Fan Zhang ; Huoming Zhang ; Lisheng He ; Changdong Liu ; Ying Xu ; Pei-Yuan Qian
• 刊名：ACS Chemical Biology
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：June 15, 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：7
• 期：6
• 页码：1049-1058
• 全文大小：465K
• 年卷期：v.7,no.6(June 15, 2012)
• ISSN：1554-8937

文摘

Butenolide is a very promising antifouling compound that inhibits ship hull fouling by a variety of marine organisms, but its antifouling mechanism was previously unknown. Here we report the first study of butenolide鈥檚 molecular targets in three representative fouling organisms. In the barnacle Balanus (=Amphibalanus) amphitrite, butenolide bound to acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1), which is involved in ketone body metabolism. Both the substrate and the product of ACAT1 increased larval settlement under butenolide treatment, suggesting its functional involvement. In the bryozoan Bugula neritina, butenolide bound to very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADVL), actin, and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). ACADVL is the first enzyme in the very long chain fatty acid 尾-oxidation pathway. The inhibition of this primary pathway for energy production in larvae by butenolide was supported by the finding that alternative energy sources (acetoacetate and pyruvate) increased larval attachment under butenolide treatment. In marine bacterium Vibrio sp. UST020129-010, butenolide bound to succinyl-CoA synthetase 尾 subunit (SCS尾) and inhibited bacterial growth. ACAT1, ACADVL, and SCS尾 are all involved in primary metabolism for energy production. These findings suggest that butenolide inhibits fouling by influencing the primary metabolism of target organisms.