Entrapment of Subtilisin in Ceramic Sol鈥揋el Coating for Antifouling Applications
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- 作者：Viduthalai Rasheedkhan Regina ; Helmer S酶hoel ; Arcot Raghupathi Lokanathan ; Claus Bischoff ; Peter Kingshott ; Niels Peter Revsbech ; Rikke Louise Meyer
- 刊名：ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
- 出版年：2012
- 出版时间：November 28, 2012
- 年：2012
- 卷：4
- 期：11
- 页码：5915-5921
- 全文大小：317K
- 年卷期：v.4,no.11(November 28, 2012)
- ISSN：1944-8252
文摘
Enzymes with antifouling properties are of great interest in developing nontoxic antifouling coatings. A bottleneck in developing enzyme-based antifouling coatings is to immobilize the enzyme in a suitable coating matrix without compromising its activity and stability. Entrapment of enzymes in ceramics using the sol鈥揼el method is known to have several advantages over other immobilization methods. The sol鈥揼el method can be used to make robust coatings, and the aim of this study was to explore if sol鈥揼el technology can be used to develop robust coatings harboring active enzymes for antifouling applications. We successfully entrapped a protease, subtilisin (Savinase, Novozymes), in a ceramic coating using a sol鈥揼el method. The sol鈥揼el formulation, when coated on a stainless steel surface, adhered strongly and cured at room temperature in less than 8 h. The resultant coating was smoother and less hydrophobic than stainless steel. Changes in the coating鈥檚 surface structure, thickness and chemistry indicate that the coating undergoes gradual erosion in aqueous medium, which results in release of subtilisin. Subtilisin activity in the coating increased initially, and then gradually decreased. After 9 months, 13% of the initial enzyme activity remained. Compared to stainless steel, the sol鈥揼el-coated surfaces with active subtilisin were able to reduce bacterial attachment of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria by 2 orders of magnitude. Together, our results demonstrate that the sol鈥揼el method is a promising coating technology for entrapping active enzymes, presenting an interesting avenue for enzyme-based antifouling solutions.