Renewable N-Heterocycles Production by Thermocatalytic Conversion and Ammonization of Biomass over ZSM-5

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Lujiang Xu ; Qian Yao ; Jin Deng ; Zheng Han ; Ying Zhang ; Yao Fu ; George W. Huber ; Qingxiang Guo
• 刊名：ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：November 2, 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：3
• 期：11
• 页码：2890-2899
• 全文大小：612K
• ISSN：2168-0485

文摘

Chemical conversion of biomass to value-added products provides a sustainable alternative to the current chemical industry that is predominantly dependent on fossil fuels. N-Heterocycles, including pyrroles, pyridines, and indoles, etc., are the most abundant and important classes of heterocycles in nature and widely applied as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and other functional materials. However, all starting materials for the synthesis of N-heterocycles currently are derived from crude oil through complex multistep-processes and sometimes result in environmental problems. In this study, we show that N-heterocycles can be directly produced from biomass (including cellulose, lignocelluloses, sugars, starch, and chitosan) over commercial zeolites via a thermocatalytic conversion and ammonization process (TCC-A). All desired reactions occur in one single-step reactor within seconds. The production of pyrroles, pyridines, or indoles can be simply tuned by changing the reaction conditions. Meanwhile, N-containing biochar can be obtained as a valuable coproduct. We also outline the chemistry for the conversion of biomass into heterocycle molecules by the addition of ammonia into pyrolysis reactors demonstrating how industrial chemicals could be produced from renewable biomass resources. Only minimal biomass pretreatment is required for the TCC-A approach.