Evidence for Organic Film on an Impervious Urban Surface: Characterization and Potential Teratogenic Effects
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- 作者：Miriam L. Diamond ; Sarah E. Gingrich ; Kirsten Fertuck ; Brian E. McCarry ; Gary A. Stern ; Brian Billeck ; Bert Grift ; Deborah Brooker ; and Thomas D. Yager
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2000
- 出版时间：July 15, 2000
- 年：2000
- 卷：34
- 期：14
- 页码：2900 - 2908
- 全文大小：169K
- 年卷期：v.34,no.14(July 15, 2000)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Chemical constituents of an organic film collected froman impervious urban surface, namely the exterior surfaceof windows, have been characterized. The organicportion of this film, that ranged in thickness from 11 to100 nm, constitutes a previously unrecognized sitefor exchange of semivolatile organic contaminants inurban environments. The concentrations of total n-alkanes,total polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAH), and totalpolychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) ranged from 1010 to 22 500,900 to 62 100, and 8 to 5820 ng/m2 of window surface,respectively. Whereas concentrations varied, the patternsof chemical and congener abundance were similaramong samples. Alkanes were derived from mainly biogenicsources, while the PAH showed a weathered patternand PCB congener patterns generally indicated an enrichmentin higher chlorinated congeners. Film-to-air partitionratios, KFA, were calculated for selected PAH and PCBcongeners and were comparable to reported values ofoctanol-air partition coefficients, KOA, suggesting that gas-phase compounds partition into this organic film. Potentialbiological effects of an organic film extract wereevaluated using zebrafish embryo assays. Incubation at aconcentration of 270 ppb 
es/gifchars/Sigma.gif" BORDER=0 >PAH plus 420 ppb es/gifchars/Sigma.gif" BORDER=0 >PCBshowed 100% lethality, while concentrations 3-10 timeslower produced a dose-dependent syndrome of abnormalitiesincluding cardiovascular, hematopoietic, neural crest-related, and behavioral defects.