S413-PV Cell-Penetrating Peptide Forms Nanoparticle-Like Structures to Gain Entry Into Cells

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• 作者：Krt Padari ; Kaida Koppel ; Annely Lorents ; Mattias Hllbrink ; Miguel Mano ; Maria C. Pedroso de Lima ; Margus Pooga
• 刊名：Bioconjugate Chemistry
• 出版年：2010
• 出版时间：April 21, 2010
• 年：2010
• 卷：21
• 期：4
• 页码：774-783
• 全文大小：570K
• 年卷期：v.21,no.4(April 21, 2010)
• ISSN：1520-4812

文摘

Despite increasing interest in cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) as carriers for drugs and in gene therapy, the current understanding of their exact internalization mechanism is still far from complete. The cellular translocation of CPPs and their payloads has been mostly described by fluorescence- and activity-based methods, leaving the more detailed characterization at the ultrastructural level almost out of attention. Herein, we used transmission electron microscopy to characterize the membrane interaction and internalization of a cell-penetrating peptide S4₁₃-PV. We demonstrate that S4₁₃-PV peptide forms spherical nanoparticle-like regular structures upon association with cell surface glycosaminoglycans on the plasma membrane. Insertion of S4₁₃-PV particles into plasma membrane induces disturbances and leads to the vesicular uptake of peptides by cells. We propose that for efficient cellular translocation S4₁₃-PV peptides have to assemble into particles of specific size and shape. The spherical peptide particles are not dissociated in intracellular vesicles but often retain their organization and remain associated with the membrane of vesicles, destabilizing them and promoting the escape of peptides into cytosol. Lowering the temperature and inhibition of dynamins’ activity reduce the internalization of S4₁₃-PV peptides, but do not block it completely. Our results provide an ultrastructural insight into the interaction mode of CPPs with the plasma membrane and the distribution in cells, which might help to better understand how CPPs cross the biological membranes and gain access into cells.