Gibberella Ear Rot of Maize (Zea mays) in Nepal: Distribution of the Mycotoxins Nivalenol and Deoxynivalenol in Naturally and Experimentally Infected Maize

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• 作者：Anne E. Desjardins ; Mark Busman ; Gyanu Manandhar ; Andrew M. Jarosz ; Hira K. Manandhar ; Robert H. Proctor
• 刊名：Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
• 出版年：2008
• 出版时间：July 9, 2008
• 年：2008
• 卷：56
• 期：13
• 页码：5428 - 5436
• 全文大小：3231K
• 年卷期：v.56,no.13(July 9, 2008)
• ISSN：1520-5118

文摘

The fungus Fusarium graminearum (sexual stage Gibberella zeae) causes ear rot of maize (Zea mays) and contamination with the 8-ketotrichothecenes nivalenol (1) or 4-deoxynivalenol (2), depending on diversity of the fungal population for the 4-oxygenase gene (TRI13). To determine the importance of 1 and 2 in maize ear rot, a survey of naturally contaminated maize in Nepal was combined with experiments in the field and in a plant growth room. In the survey, 1 contamination was 4-fold more frequent than 2 contamination and 1-producers (TRI13) were isolated more than twice as frequently as 2-producers (ΨTRI13). In maize ear rot experiments, genetically diverse 1-producers and 2-producers caused ear rot and trichothecene contamination. Among strains with the same genetic background, however, 1-producers caused less ear rot and trichothecene contamination than did 2-producers. The high frequency of 1 contamination and the high virulence of many 1-producers are of concern because maize is a staple food of rural populations in Nepal and because 1 has proven to be more toxic than 2 to animals.