Synthesis, Structure, DNA/Protein Binding, and Anticancer Activity of Some Half-Sandwich Cyclometalated Rh(III) and Ir(III) Complexes
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- 作者：Sujay Mukhopadhyay ; Rakesh Kumar Gupta ; Rajendra Prasad Paitandi ; Nishant Kumar Rana ; Gunjan Sharma ; Biplob Koch ; Love Karan Rana ; Maninder Singh Hundal ; Daya Shankar Pandey
- 刊名：Organometallics
- 出版年：2015
- 出版时间：September 28, 2015
- 年：2015
- 卷：34
- 期：18
- 页码：4491-4506
- 全文大小：976K
- ISSN：1520-6041
文摘
The Schiff base ligands benzylidene(4-tert-butylphenyl)amine 4-methyl ester (L1), (4-nitrobenzylidene)(4-tert-butylphenyl)amine (L2), and (4-cyanobenzylidene)(4-tert-butylphenyl)amine (L3) and the new series of cyclometalated mononuclear piano-stool complexes [(畏5-C5Me5)RhCl(L1)] (1), [(畏5-C5Me5)RhCl(L2)] (2), [(畏5-C5Me5)RhCl(L3)] (3), [(畏5-C5Me5)IrCl(L1)] (4), [(畏5-C5Me5)IrCl(L2)] (5), and [(畏5-C5Me5)IrCl(L3)] (6) have been synthesized. The ligands L1鈥?b>L3 and complexes 1鈥?b>6 have been thoroughly characterized by satisfactory elemental analyses, spectral studies (ESI-MS, IR, 1H and 13C NMR, UV鈥搗is), and structures of 1鈥?b>3 authenticated by X-ray single-crystal analyses. Efficient binding of 1鈥?b>6 with calf thymus DNA (CT DNA) have been established by UV鈥搗is and emission spectroscopic studies. Protein binding (bovine serum albumin, BSA) has been investigated by UV鈥搗is, fluorescence, synchronous, and 3D fluorescence spectroscopy. Binding of the complexes with DNA through minor groove and hydrophobic interaction with proteins via sub domain IIA cavity has been substantiated by molecular docking studies. The complexes exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the human lung cancer cell line (A549), and 1 and 2 showed better activity than cisplatin. The cytotoxicity, morphological changes, and apoptosis have been assessed by MTT assay, Hoechst 33342/PI staining, cell cycle analysis by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by DCFH-DA dye. The complexes 1鈥?b>6 induce apoptosis in the order 2 > 1 > 4 > 3 > 5 > 6.