Effects of Pesticides Monitored with Three Sampling Methods in 24 Sites on Macroinvertebrates and Microorganisms

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• 作者：Ralf B. Sch盲fer ; Vincent Pettigrove ; Gavin Rose ; Graeme Allinson ; Adam Wightwick ; Peter C. von der Ohe ; Jeff Shimeta ; Ralph K眉hne ; Ben J. Kefford
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2011
• 出版时间：February 15, 2011
• 年：2011
• 卷：45
• 期：4
• 页码：1665-1672
• 全文大小：799K
• 年卷期：v.45,no.4(February 15, 2011)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Grab water samples, sediment samples, and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane passive samplers (TRIMPS) were used to determine the exposure to 97 pesticides in 24 southeast Australian stream sites over 5 months. Macroinvertebrate communities and selected microorganisms (bacteria, flagellates, ciliates, amoebas, nematodes, and gastrotrichs) were sampled to detect relationships with pesticide toxicity. Sediment samples had the highest estimated toxicities in terms of toxic units (TU) for Daphnia magna (TU_DM) and for Selenastrum capricornutum (TU_SC). The pesticide-selective SPEAR_pesticides and the general SIGNAL index for macroinvertebrates exhibited negative linear relationships (r² = 0.67 and 0.36, respectively) with pesticide contamination in terms of log maximum TU_DM (log mTU_DM), suggesting macroinvertebrate community change due to pesticide exposure. Pesticide contamination was the only measured variable explaining variation in ecological quality. Variation in the densities of several microbial groups was best explained by environmental variables other than log TUs. The log mTU_DM values derived from sediment concentrations were most important to establish a link with effects on macroinvertebrates, whereas log mTU_DM of grab water samples had only minor contribution. Current-use insecticides and fungicides can affect macroinvertebrate communities and monitoring of sediment and continuous water sampling is needed to detect these effects.