Anthocyanin-rich A莽ai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Fruit Pulp Fractions Attenuate Inflammatory Stress Signaling in Mouse Brain BV-2 Microglial Cells

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• 作者：Shibu M. Poulose ; Derek R. Fisher ; Jessica Larson ; Donna F. Bielinski ; Agnes M. Rimando ; Amanda N. Carey ; Alexander G. Schauss ; Barbara Shukitt-Hale
• 刊名：Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：February 1, 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：60
• 期：4
• 页码：1084-1093
• 全文大小：517K
• 年卷期：v.60,no.4(February 1, 2012)
• ISSN：1520-5118

文摘

Age-related diseases of the brain compromise memory, learning, and movement and are directly linked with increases in oxidative stress and inflammation. Previous research has shown that supplementation with berries can modulate signaling in primary hippocampal neurons or BV-2 mouse microglial cells. Because of their high polyphenolic content, fruit pulp fractions of a莽ai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) were explored for their protective effect on BV-2 mouse microglial cells. Freeze-dried a莽ai pulp was fractionated using solvents with different polarities and analyzed using HPLC for major anthocyanins and other phenolics. Fractions extracted using methanol (MEOH) and ethanol (ETOH) were particularly rich in anthocyanins such as cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, and peonidin, whereas the fraction extracted using acetone (ACE) was rich in other phenolics such as catechin, ferulic acid, quercetin, resveratrol, and synergic and vanillic acids. Studies were conducted to investigate the mitigating effects of a莽ai pulp extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/mL) induced oxidative stress and inflammation; treatment of BV-2 cells with acai fractions resulted in significant (p < 0.05) decreases in nitrite production, accompanied by a reduction in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. The inhibition pattern was emulated with the ferulic acid content among the fractions. The protection of microglial cells by a莽ai pulp extracts, particularly that of MEOH, ETOH, and ACE fractions, was also accompanied by a significant concentration-dependent reduction in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK), tumor necrosis factor-伪 (TNF伪), and nuclear factor 魏B (NF-魏B). The current study offers valuable insights into the protective effects of a莽ai pulp fractions on brain cells, which could have implications for improved cognitive and motor functions.

Keywords:

a莽ai pulp; anthocyanins; inflammation; oxidative stress; microglia