Differential Effects and Potential Adverse Outcomes of Ionic Silver and Silver Nanoparticles in Vivo and in Vitro

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• 作者：Nat脿lia Garcia-Reyero ; Alan J. Kennedy ; B. Lynn Escalon ; Tanwir Habib ; Jennifer G. Laird ; Arun Rawat ; Steven Wiseman ; Markus Hecker ; Nancy Denslow ; Jeffery A. Steevens ; Edward J. Perkins
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：April 15, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：48
• 期：8
• 页码：4546-4555
• 全文大小：566K
• 年卷期：v.48,no.8(April 15, 2014)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Nanoparticles are of concern because of widespread use, but it is unclear if metal nanoparticles cause effects directly or indirectly. We explored whether polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles (PVP-AgNPs) cause effects through intact nanoparticles or dissolved silver. Females of the model species fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to either 4.8 渭g/L of AgNO₃ or 61.4 渭g/L of PVP-AgNPs for 96h. Microarray analyses were used to identify impacted receptors and toxicity pathways in liver and brain tissues that were confirmed using in vitro mammalian assays. AgNO₃ and PVP-AgNP exposed fish had common and distinct effects consistent with both intact nanoparticles and dissolved silver causing effects. PVP-AgNPs and AgNO₃ both affected pathways involved in Na⁺, K⁺, and H⁺ homeostasis and oxidative stress but different neurotoxicity pathways. In vivo effects were supported by PVP-AgNP activation of five in vitro nuclear receptor assays and inhibition of ligand binding to the dopamine receptor. AgNO₃ inhibited ligand binding to adrenergic receptors 伪1 and 伪2 and cannabinoid receptor CB1, but had no effect in nuclear receptor assays. PVP-AgNPs have the potential to cause effects both through intact nanoparticles and metal ions, each interacting with different initiating events. Since the in vitro and in vivo assays examined here are commonly used in human and ecological hazard screening, this work suggests that environmental health assessments should consider effects of intact nanoparticles in addition to dissolved metals.