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The current level of laboratory instrumentation and computational resources allows X-ray powder diffraction to be implemented into thetoolbox of organic chemists, providing a means for rapid (i.e., within a day) structural characterization of organic solids, without the need forsingle crystals. We illustrate such use of powder diffraction using two case studies of molecular cocrystals of trifluoroacetic acid and malonicacid, involving theobromine, a model active pharmaceutical ingredient. We also report on a previously unobserved conformation of malonicacid in the solid state.