Sustainable Recovery of Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Green Process

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• 作者：Xiangping Chen ; Chuanbao Luo ; Jinxia Zhang ; Jiangrong Kong ; Tao Zhou
• 刊名：ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 7, 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：3
• 期：12
• 页码：3104-3113
• 全文大小：715K
• ISSN：2168-0485

文摘

In this study, a green process with prospective environmental and economic significance has been experimentally and theoretically established for the sustainable recovery of metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Three leaching systems were explored for the application of different biomass as reductants. According to leaching results, H₃Cit (citric acid) and tea waste and H₃Cit/H₂O₂ systems reveal similar leaching abilities (96% Co and 98% Li; 98% Co and 99% Li, respectively), while the H₃Cit/Phytolacca Americana system shows inferior leaching performance (83% Co and 96% Li) under the optimized conditions. Tentative exploration of oxidation mechanism for different biomass indicates that potential reducing substances contained in biomass can be employed as efficient reductants during leaching. Then both metal ions and waste citric acid can be simultaneously recovered by selective precipitation. About 99% Co and 93% Li could be recovered as CoC₂O₄路2H₂O and Li₃PO₄, and the recycled citric acid demonstrates similar leaching capability as fresh acid according to circulatory leaching experiments. Finally, solution chemistry theory and waste stream analysis were investigated to provide theoretical foundation for the recovery process.