Retene Emission from Residential Solid Fuels in China and Evaluation of Retene as a Unique Marker for Soft Wood Combustion

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• 作者：Guofeng Shen ; Shu Tao ; Siye Wei ; Yanyan Zhang ; Rong Wang ; Bin Wang ; Wei Li ; Huizhong Shen ; Ye Huang ; Yifeng Yang ; Wei Wang ; Xilong Wang ; Staci L. Massey Simonich
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T)
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：April 17, 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：46
• 期：8
• 页码：4666-4672
• 全文大小：311K
• 年卷期：v.46,no.8(April 17, 2012)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Retene (1-methyl-7-isopropylphenanthrene) is often used as a marker for softwood combustion and for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) source apportionment. The emission factors of retene (EF_RETs) from 11 crop residues, 27 firewood fuels, and 5 coals were measured using traditional rural Chinese stoves. Retene was measured in combustion emissions from all of the residential fuels tested and EF_RETs varied significantly among the fuels due to the differences in fuel properties and combustion conditions. EF_RETs for pine (0.34 卤 0.08 mg/kg) and larch (0.29 卤 0.22 mg/kg) were significantly higher than those of other wood types, including fir and cypress (0.081 卤 0.058 mg/kg). However, EF_RETs for crop residues varied from 0.048 卤 0.008 to 0.37 卤 0.14 mg/kg and were not significantly lower than those for softwood (0.074 卤 0.026 to 0.34 卤 0.08 mg/kg). The EF_RETs for coal were very high and ranged from 2.2 卤 1.5 (anthracite briquette) to 187 卤 113 mg/kg (raw bituminous chunk). EF_RET was positively correlated with EFs of coemitted particulate matter (EF_PM) and phenanthrene (EF_PHE) for crop residue and coal, but not for wood. In addition, the ratios of EF_PHE/EF_RET and EF_PM/EF_RET for coals were much lower than those for crop residues and wood. These data suggest that retene is not a unique PAH marker for softwood combustion and that coal combustion, in particular, should be taken into account when retene is used for PAH source apportionment.