Targeting the Gatekeeper MET146 of C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 3 Induces a Bivalent Halogen/Chalcogen Bond
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- 作者：Andreas Lange ; Marcel G眉nther ; Felix Michael B眉ttner ; Markus O. Zimmermann ; Johannes Heidrich ; Susanne Hennig ; Stefan Zahn ; Christoph Schall ; Adrian Sievers-Engler ; Francesco Ansideri ; Pierre Koch ; Michael Laemmerhofer ; Thilo Stehle ; Stefan A. Laufer ; Frank M. Boeckler
- 刊名：Journal of the American Chemical Society
- 出版年：2015
- 出版时间：November 25, 2015
- 年：2015
- 卷：137
- 期：46
- 页码：14640-14652
- 全文大小：678K
- ISSN：1520-5126
文摘
We target the gatekeeper MET146 of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) to exemplify the applicability of X路路路S halogen bonds in molecular design using computational, synthetic, structural and biophysical techniques. In a designed series of aminopyrimidine-based inhibitors, we unexpectedly encounter a plateau of affinity. Compared to their QM-calculated interaction energies, particularly bromine and iodine fail to reach the full potential according to the size of their 蟽-hole. Instead, mutation of the gatekeeper residue into leucine, alanine, or threonine reveals that the heavier halides can significantly influence selectivity in the human kinome. Thus, we demonstrate that, although the choice of halogen may not always increase affinity, it can still be relevant for inducing selectivity. Determining the crystal structure of the iodine derivative in complex with JNK3 (4X21) reveals an unusual bivalent halogen/chalcogen bond donated by the ligand and the back-pocket residue MET115. Incipient repulsion from the too short halogen bond increases the flexibility of C蔚 of MET146, whereas the rest of the residue fails to adapt being fixed by the chalcogen bond. This effect can be useful to induce selectivity, as the necessary combination of methionine residues only occurs in 9.3% of human kinases, while methionine is the predominant gatekeeper (39%).