Assessing Pathogen Risk to Swimmers at Non-Sewage Impacted Recreational Beaches
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Mary E. Schoen ; Nicholas J. Ashbolt
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2010
- 出版时间：April 1, 2010
- 年：2010
- 卷：44
- 期：7
- 页码：2286-2291
- 全文大小：152K
- 年卷期：v.44,no.7(April 1, 2010)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
The risk of gastrointestinal illness to swimmers from fresh sewage and non-sewage fecal sources at recreational beaches was predicted using quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). The QMRA estimated the probability of illness for accidental ingestion of recreational water with a specific concentration of fecal indicator bacteria, here the geometric mean enterococci limit of 35 cfu 100 mL−1, from either a mixture of sources or an individual source. Using seagulls as an example non-sewage fecal source, the predicted median probability of illness was less than the illness benchmark of 0.01. When the fecal source was changed to poorly treated sewage, a relativity small difference between the median probability of illness and the illness benchmark was predicted. For waters impacted by a mixture of seagull and sewage waste, the dominant source of fecal indicator was not always the predicted dominant source of risk.