Contribution of Seawater Desalination to Cope with Water Scarcity in Souss-Massa Region in Southern Morocco

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• 关键词：Aquifer ; Chtouka ; Institutional framework ; Vegetables ; Water balance
• 刊名：The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：53
• 期：1
• 页码：213-226
• 参考文献：1.Nellen A (2011) Desalination: a viable answer to deal with water crises? FDI Research Intern. Global Food and Water Crises Research Programme, Australia
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  5.Hirich A, Choukr-Allah R, Rami A, El-Otmani M (2015) Feasibility of using desalination for irrigation in the Souss-Massa Region in the South of Morocco. In: Baawain M, Choudri BS, Ahmed M, Purnama A (eds) Recent progress in desalination, environmental and marine outfall systems. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, pp 189–203
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  10.Bouragba L, Jacques M, Bouchaou L, Hsissou Y, Tagma T (2011) Characterization of groundwater in the Souss upstream basin: hydrochemical and environmental isotopes approaches. Afr J Environ Sci Technol 5(4):307–315
  11.Bouragba L et al (2011) Isotopes and groundwater management strategies under semi-arid area: case of the Souss upstream basin (Morocco). Appl Radiat Isot 69(7):1084–1093CrossRef
  12.Tagma T, Hsissou Y, Bouchaou L, Bouragba L, Boutaleb S (2009) Groundwater nitrate pollution in Souss-Massa basin (South-West Morocco). Afr J Environ Sci Technol 3(10):301–309
  13.MAPM (2015) Production végétale de la région de Souss Mass. Minitère de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche Maritime
  14.AFD (2012) Gestion de la demande en eau dans les pays méditerannéens: Etude de cas Maroc, Souss-Massa Dràa. Agence Française de Dévéloppement
  15.AGROTECH (2010) Projet de dessalement de l'eau de mer pour l’irrigation. http://​www.​agrotech.​ma/​index.​php?​option=​com_​content&​view=​article&​id=​39&​Itemid=​5 , 2013(20/12/2013)
  16.Arrifi EM (2013) Projet d’irrigation a partir de dessalement de l’eau de mer Dans la plaine de chtouka - maroc. Direction de l’irrigation de l’amenagement de l’espace agricole, Rabat, Maroc
  17.FAO (2003) Desalination of brackish waters and seawater, status in California and the USA. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome
  
• 作者单位：Abdelaziz Hirich (8) (9)
  Redouane Choukr-Allah (9)
  Abdessadek Nrhira (10)
  Mouna Malki (11)
  Lhoussaine Bouchaou (11)
  
  8. International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  9. Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Agadir, Morocco
  10. Souss-Massa-Drâa Hydraulic Basin Agency, Agadir, Morocco
  11. Applied Geology and Geo-Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
  
• 丛书名：The Souss‐Massa River Basin, Morocco
• ISBN：978-3-319-51131-3
• 卷排序：53

文摘

Souss-Massa region is characterized by a high value in terms of horticultural production, mainly in greenhouse crops, which contributes to the socioeconomic development of the region. Since the early 2000s, the region is subject to increasing pressure on water resources, resulting in exploitation of groundwater beyond its renewable potential leading to a continuous decline in its piezometric level and threatening the agricultural development as well as all groundwater dependent ecosystems. In order to cope with water scarcity, the government decided to setup a project for groundwater safeguarding by implementing a seawater desalination plant for greenhouse crops irrigation in Chtouka zone with final capacity of 167,000 m3/day feeding irrigation network covering about 13,600 ha. The project aims as well to substitute some of the groundwater uptake and further more contributes to groundwater recharge by irrigation water leaching to the aquifer. The Government has established an agreement with representative agricultural organizations and stakeholders focusing on the implementation of collective management of water resources in Chtouka region particularly through the introduction of a quota system of groundwater withdrawals to limit the groundwater overexploitation and commitment of high cash crops producers to use a desalinated water volume of 3,600–4,000 m3 per hectare per year. The project will have a positive impact on the environment as it will contribute significantly in the reduction of the aquifer overexploitation and consequently will achieve an equilibrium in terms of groundwater balance as well as sustainable use of the aquifer in the Chtouka zone. Through this project the region will avoid a loss of nearly 9 billion DH as added value and 3 billion DH as capital in the horizon of 2035. The project will allow to increase the agricultural added value by 21.9% and preserve more than 2,830 permanent jobs.