Hardware-Assisted IEEE 802.15.4 Transmissions and Why to Avoid Them

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• 关键词：6LoWPAN ; 802.15.4 ; Forwarding ; Fragmentation ; TX_ARET ; Extended operating mode ; Internet of things
• 刊名：Lecture Notes in Computer Science
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：9258
• 期：1
• 页码：223-234
• 全文大小：979 KB
• 参考文献：1.Atmel Corporation: 8-bit AVR Microcontroller with Low Power 2.4GHz Transceiver for ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4: ATmega256RFR2, September 2014, rev. C
  2.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering: IEEE 802.15.4-2011 - IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks– Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (2011)
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  4.Ludovici, A., Calveras, A., Casademont, J.: Forwarding techniques for IP fragmented packets in a real 6LoWPAN network. Sensors 11(1), 992–1008 (2011)CrossRef
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  6.Microchip Technology Inc.: Low-Power, 2.4 GHz ISM-Band IEEE 802.15.4 RF Transceiver with Extended Proprietary Features: MRF24XA, April 2015, rev. C
  7.Montenegro, G., Kushalnagar, N., Hui, J., Culler, D.: Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks. RFC 4944, September 2007. http://​www.​rfc-editor.​org/​rfc/​pdfrfc/​rfc4944.​txt.​pdf
  8.Shelby, Z., Hartke, K., Bormann, C.: The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). RFC 7252, June 2014. http://​www.​ietf.​org/​rfc/​rfc7252.​txt
  9.Unterschütz, S., Weigel, A., Turau, V.: Cross-platform protocol development based on OMNeT++. In: Proceedings of the 5th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques, SIMUTOOLS 2012, pp. 278–282, March 2012
  10.Weigel, A., Renner, C., Turau, V., Ernst, H.: Wireless sensor networks for smart metering. In: 2014 IEEE International Energy Conference and Exhibition (ENERGYCON), May 2014
  11.Weigel, A., Ringwelski, M., Turau, V., Timm-Giel, A.: Route-over forwarding techniques in a 6lowpan. EAI Endorsed Trans. Mob. Commun. Appl. 14(5) (2014)
  12.Winter, T., Thubert, P., Brandt, A., Hui, J., Kelsey, R., Levis, P., Pister, K., Struik, R., Vasseur, J.P., Alexander, R.: RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks. RFC 6550, March 2012. http://​www.​ietf.​org/​rfc/​rfc6550.​txt
  
• 作者单位：Andreas Weigel (19)
  Volker Turau (19)
  
  19. Institute of Telematics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
  
• 丛书名：Internet and Distributed Computing Systems
• ISBN：978-3-319-23237-9
• 刊物类别：Computer Science
• 刊物主题：Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
  Computer Communication Networks
  Software Engineering
  Data Encryption
  Database Management
  Computation by Abstract Devices
  Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1611-3349

文摘

6LoWPAN’s fragmentation mechanism enables transport of IPv6 datagrams with the required minimum MTU of 1280 bytes over IEEE 802.15.4-based networks. Testbed experiments showed disastrously bad datagram success rates for a collection traffic scenario with large, 6LoWPAN-fragmented datagrams, which significantly differed from the simulation results for a comparable scenario. In this paper we present an experimental setup that enables capturing the MAC and transceiver states of participating nodes in realtime. The results of our experiments show, that for the given fragmentation/collection scenario, the usage of the extended operating mode of the transceiver hardware, which provides CSMA/CA, ACKs and retransmissions in hardware, is responsible for nearly all datagram losses. Therefore, we strongly advise against using such hardware-assisted modes of operation in similar traffic scenarios.