Classification, prevention and management of entero-atmospheric fistula: a state-of-the-art review

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Salomone Di Saverio ; Antonio Tarasconi…
• 关键词：Open abdomen complications ; Entero ; atmospheric fistula ; Abdominal sepsis ; Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) ; Vacuum ; assisted closure ; Small ; bowel fistula ; EAF management algorithm ; Acute care surgery ; Frozen abdomen ; Critical care ; Fistula prevention ; Review
• 刊名：Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：401
• 期：1
• 页码：1-13
• 全文大小：10,862 KB
• 参考文献：1.Pringle JH (1908) V. Notes on the arrest of hepatic hemorrhage due to trauma. Ann Surg 48:541–9CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  2.Rotondo MF, Schwab CW, McGonigal MD, Phillips GR, Fruchterman TM, Kauder DR, Latenser BA, Angood PA (1993) Damage control: an approach for improved survival in exsanguinating penetrating abdominal injury. J Trauma: Injury, Infec Crit Care 35:375–82, discussion 82–3CrossRef
  3.Rotondo MF, Zonies DH (1997) The damage control sequence and underlying logic. Surg Clin North Am 77:761–77CrossRef PubMed
  4.Coccolini F, Biffl W, Catena F, Ceresoli M, Chiara O, Cimbanassi S, Fattori L, Leppaniemi A, Manfredi R, Montori G, Pesenti G, Sugrue M, Ansaloni L (2015) The open abdomen, indications, management and definitive closure. World J Emerg Surg 10:32
  5.Schecter W, Ivatury R, Rotondo M, Hirshberg A (2006) Open abdomen after trauma and abdominal sepsis: a strategy for management. J Am Coll Surg 203:390–6CrossRef PubMed
  6.Becker HP, Willms A, Schwab R (2007) Small bowel fistulas and the open abdomen. Scand J Surg 96:263–71PubMed
  7.Richter S, Dold S, Doberauer JP, Mai P, Schuld J (2013) Negative pressure wound therapy for the treatment of the open abdomen and incidence of enteral fistulas: a retrospective bicentre analysis. In: Gastroenterology Research and Practice 1–6
  8.Atema JJ, Gans SL, Boermeester MA (2014) Systematic review and meta-analysis of the open abdomen and temporary abdominal closure techniques in non-trauma patients. In: World J Surg 912–25
  9.Kirshtein B, Mizrahi S (2014) Vacuum-assisted management of enteroatmospheric fistula within the open abdomen. Am Surg 80:209–10PubMed
  10.Miller RS, Morris JA, Diaz JJ, Herring MB, May AK (2005) Complications after 344 damage-control open celiotomies. Journal Trauma: Injury, Infec Critical Care 59:1365–71, Discussion 71–4CrossRef
  11.Bradley MJ, Dubose JJ, Scalea TM, Holcomb JB, Shrestha B, Okoye O, Inaba K, Bee TK, Fabian TC, Whelan JF, Ivatury RR, Group AOAS (2013) Independent predictors of enteric fistula and abdominal sepsis after damage control laparotomy: results from the prospective AAST open abdomen registry. JAMA Surg 148:947–54CrossRef PubMed
  12.Schecter WP, Hirshberg A, Chang DS, Harris HW, Napolitano LM, Wexner SD, Dudrick SJ (2009) Enteric fistulas: principles of management. ACS 209:484–91
  13.Marinis A, Gkiokas G, Argyra E, Fragulidis G, Polymeneas G, Voros D (2013) “Enteroatmospheric fistulae”-gastrointestinal openings in the open abdomen: a review and recent proposal of a surgical technique. Scand J Surg 102:61–8CrossRef PubMed
  14.Evenson A, Fischer J (2006) Current management of enterocutaneous fistula. J Gastrointest Surg 10:455–64CrossRef PubMed
  15.Björck M, Bruhin A, Cheatham M, Hinck D, Kaplan M, Manca G, Wild T, Windsor A (2009) Classification—important step to improve management of patients with an open abdomen. World J Surg 33:1154–7CrossRef PubMed
  16.Quyn AJ, Johnston C, Hall D, Chambers A, Arapova N, Ogston S, Amin AI (2012) The open abdomen and temporary abdominal closure systems—historical evolution and systematic review. Color Dis Offi J Assoc Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland 14:e429–38CrossRef
  17.Carlson GL, Patrick H, Amin AI, McPherson G, MacLennan G, Afolabi E, Mowatt G, Campbell B (2013) Management of the open abdomen: a national study of clinical outcome and safety of negative pressure wound therapy. Ann Surg 257:1154–9CrossRef PubMed
  18.Navsaria P, Nicol A, Hudson D, Cockwill J, Smith J (2013) Negative pressure wound therapy management of the “open abdomen” following trauma: a prospective study and systematic review. World J Emerg Surg 8:4CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  19.Lindstedt S, Malmsjö M, Hlebowicz J, Ingemansson R (2015) Comparative study of the microvascular blood flow in the intestinal wall, wound contraction and fluid evacuation during negative pressure wound therapy in laparostomy using the V.A.C. abdominal dressing and the ABThera open abdomen negative pressure therapy system. In: International wound journal: Blackwell Publishing Ltd 83–8.
  20.Hlebowicz J, Hansson J, Lindstedt S (2012) Microvascular blood flow response in the intestinal wall and the omentum during negative wound pressure therapy of the open abdomen. Int J Colorectal Dis 27:397–403CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  21.Bruhin A, Ferreira F, Chariker M, Smith J, Runkel N (2014) Systematic review and evidence based recommendations for the use of negative pressure wound therapy in the open abdomen. Int J Surg 12:1105–14CrossRef PubMed
  22.Chapman R, Foran R, Dunphy JE (1964) Management of intestinal fistulas. AJS 108:157–64CrossRef
  23.Schecter WP (2011) Management of enterocutaneous fistulas. Surg Clin North Am 91:481–91CrossRef PubMed
  24.Davis KG, Johnson EK (2013) Controversies in the care of the enterocutaneous fistula. Surg Clin North Am 93:231–50CrossRef PubMed
  25.Dissanaike S, Pham T, Shalhub S, Warner K, Hennessy L, Moore EE, Maier RV, O’Keefe GE, Cuschieri J (2008) Effect of immediate enteral feeding on trauma patients with an open abdomen: protection from nosocomial infections. J Am Coll Surg 207:690–7CrossRef PubMed
  26.Byrnes MC, Reicks P, Irwin E (2010) Early enteral nutrition can be successfully implemented in trauma patients with an “open abdomen”. Am J Surg 199:359–62, discussion 63CrossRef PubMed
  27.Friese RS (2012) The open abdomen: definitions, management principles, and nutrition support considerations. Nutr Clin Pract 27:492–8CrossRef PubMed
  28.Polk TM, Schwab CW (2012) Metabolic and nutritional support of the enterocutaneous fistula patient: a three-phase approach. World J Surg 36:524–33CrossRef PubMed
  29.Majercik S, Kinikini M, White T (2012) Enteroatmospheric fistula: from soup to nuts. In: Nutrition in Clinical Practice 507–12
  30.Tsuei BJ, Magnuson B, Swintosky M, Flynn J, Boulanger BR, Ochoa JB, Kearney PA (2003) Enteral nutrition in patients with an open peritoneal cavity. In: Nutrition in Clinical Practice 253–8.
  31.Yin J, Wang J, Yao D, Zhang S, Mao Q, Kong W, Ren L, Li Y, Li J (2014) Is it feasible to implement enteral nutrition in patients with enteroatmospheric fistulae? A single-center experience. Nutr Clin Pract 29:656–61CrossRef PubMed
  32.Willcutts K, Mercer D, Ziegler J (2015) Fistuloclysis: an interprofessional approach to nourishing the fistula patient. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 42:549–53CrossRef PubMed
  33.Cheatham ML, Safcsak K, Brzezinski SJ, Lube MW (2007) Nitrogen balance, protein loss, and the open abdomen. Crit Care Med 35:127–31CrossRef PubMed
  34.Moore FA, Feliciano DV, Andrassy RJ, McArdle AH, Booth FV, Morgenstein-Wagner TB, Kellum JM, Welling RE, Moore EE (1992) Early enteral feeding, compared with parenteral, reduces postoperative septic complications. The results of a meta-analysis. In: Annals of Surgery 172–83
  35.Kudsk KA, Croce MA, Fabian TC, Minard G, Tolley EA, Poret HA, Kuhl MR, Brown RO (1992) Enteral versus parenteral feeding. Effects on septic morbidity after blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma. In: Annals of Surgery: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins 503-11 discussion 11–3.
  36.Yuan Y, Ren J, Gu G, Chen J, Li J (2011) Early enteral nutrition improves outcomes of open abdomen in gastrointestinal fistula patients complicated with severe sepsis. In: Nutrition in Clinical Practice 688–94
  37.Weissenfluh GM, Brundage SI, Spain DA (2006) Early enteral nutrition after abdominal trauma: effects on septic morbidity and practicality. In: Nutrition in Clinical Practice 479–84
  38.Lloyd DA, Gabe SM, Windsor AC (2006) Nutrition and management of enterocutaneous fistula. Br J Surg 93:1045–55CrossRef PubMed
  39.Stevens P, Foulkes RE, Hartford-Beynon JS, Delicata RJ (2011) Systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of somatostatin and its analogues in the treatment of enterocutaneous fistula. In: European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 912–22
  40.Ren J, Yuan Y, Zhao Y, Gu G, Wang G, Chen J, Fan C, Wang X, Li J (2014) Open abdomen treatment for septic patients with gastrointestinal fistula: from fistula control to definitive closure. In: Am Surg 339–47
  41.Di Saverio S, Tarasconi A, Inaba K, Navsaria P, Coccolini F, Costa Navarro D, Mandrioli M, Vassiliu P, Jovine E, Catena F, Tugnoli G (2015) Open abdomen with concomitant enteroatmospheric fistula: attempt to rationalize the approach to a surgical nightmare and proposal of a clinical algorithm. In: Journal of the American College of Surgeons: Elsevier e23-33.
  42.Navsaria PH, Bunting M, Omoshoro-Jones J, Nicol AJ, Kahn D (2003) Temporary closure of open abdominal wounds by the modified sandwich-vacuum pack technique. Br J Surg 90:718–22CrossRef PubMed
  43.Girard S, Sideman M, Spain DA (2002) A novel approach to the problem of intestinal fistulization arising in patients managed with open peritoneal cavities. AJS 184:166–7CrossRef
  44.Jamshidi R, Schecter WP (2007) Biological dressings for the management of enteric fistulas in the open abdomen: a preliminary report. Arch Surg 142:793–6CrossRef PubMed
  45.Bhat YM, Banerjee S, Barth BA, Chauhan SS, Gottlieb KT, Konda V, Maple JT, Murad FM, Pfau PR, Pleskow DK, Siddiqui UD, Tokar JL, Wang A, Rodriguez SA, Committee AT (2013) Tissue adhesives: cyanoacrylate glue and fibrin sealant. Gastrointest Endosc 78:209–15CrossRef PubMed
  46.Subramaniam MH, Liscum KR, Hirshberg A (2002) The floating stoma: a new technique for controlling exposed fistulae in abdominal trauma. J Trauma: Injury, Infec Critical Care 53:386–8CrossRef
  47.Goverman J, Yelon JA, Platz JJ, Singson RC, Turcinovic M (2006) The “fistula VAC,” a technique for management of enterocutaneous fistulae arising within the open abdomen: report of 5 cases. J Trauma: Injury, Infec Critical Care 60:428–31CrossRef
  48.D’Hondt M, Devriendt D, Van Rooy F, Vansteenkiste F, D’Hoore A, Penninckx F, Miserez M (2011) Treatment of small-bowel fistulae in the open abdomen with topical negative-pressure therapy. AJS 202:e20–e4CrossRef
  49.Piazza R, Armstrong S, Vanderkolk W, Eriksson E, Ringler S (2009) A modified “fistula-VAC” technique: management of multiple enterocutaneous fistulas in the open abdomen. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 124:453e-5e
  50.Pang TC, Morton J, Pincott S (2012) Novel technique for isolating and dressing enteroatmospheric fistulae. ANZ J Surg 82:747–9CrossRef PubMed
  51.Timmons J, Russell F (2013) The use of negative-pressure wound therapy to manage enteroatmospheric fistulae in two patients with large abdominal wounds. In: International Wound Journal 723–9
  52.Al-Khoury G, Kaufman D, Hirshberg A (2008) Improved control of exposed fistula in the open abdomen. J Am Coll Surg 206:397–8CrossRef PubMed
  53.Pepe G, Magalini S, Callari C, Persiani R, Lodoli C, Gui D (2014) Vacuum assisted closure (VAC) therapy (TM) as a Swiss knife multi-tool for enteric fistula closure: tips and tricks: a pilot study. In: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2527–32
  54.Verhaalen A, Watkins B, Brasel K (2010) Techniques and cost effectiveness of enteroatmospheric fistula isolation. In: Wounds 212–7
  55.Ramsay PT, Mejia VA (2010) Management of enteroatmospheric fistulae in the open abdomen. In: Am Surg 637–9
  56.Layton B, DuBose J, Nichols S, Connaughton J, Jones T, Pratt J (2010) Pacifying the open abdomen with concomitant intestinal fistula: a novel approach. Am J Surg 199:e48–e50CrossRef PubMed
  57.Di Saverio S, Villani S, Biscardi A, Giorgini E, Tugnoli G (2011) Open abdomen with concomitant enteroatmospheric fistula: validation, refinements, and adjuncts to a novel approach. J Trauma: Injury, Infec Critical Care 71:760–2CrossRef
  58.Rekstad LC, Wasmuth HH, Ystgaard B, Stornes T, Seternes A (2013) Topical negative-pressure therapy for small bowel leakage in a frozen abdomen. J Trauma and Acute Care Surg 75:487–91CrossRef
  59.Heineman JT, Garcia LJ, Obst MA, Chong HS, Langin JG, Humpal R, Pezzella PA, Dries DJ (2015) Collapsible enteroatmospheric fistula isolation device: a novel, simple solution to a complex problem. ACS 1–8
  60.Wang G, Ren J, Liu S, Wu X, Gu G, Li J (2013) “Fistula patch”: making the treatment of enteroatmospheric fistulae in the open abdomen easier. J Trauma and Acute Care Surg 74:1175–7CrossRef
  61.Ozer MT, Sinan H, Zeybek N, Peker Y (2014) A simple novel technique for enteroatmospheric fistulae: silicone fistula plug. Int Wound J 11(Suppl 1):22–4CrossRef PubMed
  62.Sriussadaporn S, Sriussadaporn S, Kritayakirana K, Pak-art R (2006) Operative management of small bowel fistulae associated with open abdomen. Asian J Surg 29:1–7CrossRef PubMed
  63.Wind J, van Koperen PJ, Slors JFM, Bemelman WA (2009) Single-stage closure of enterocutaneous fistula and stomas in the presence of large abdominal wall defects using the components separation technique. AJS 197:24–9CrossRef
  64.Stephensen B, Brown J, Lambrianides A (2012) A novel method for managing enterocutaneous fistulae in the open abdomen using a pedicle flap. J Surg Case Rep 2012:5CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  65.Al-Nahawi M (2013) A rare approach to entero-atmospheric fistula. In: Am J Case Rep 476–80.
  66.Gupta R, Singh H, Talukder S, Verma GR (2015) A new technique of closing a gastroatmospheric fistula with a rectus abdominis muscle flap. In: BMJ Case Rep bcr2015209309-bcr.
  67.Lambe G, Russell C, West C, Kalaiselvan R, Slade DAJ, Anderson ID, Watson JS, Carlson GL (2012) Autologous reconstruction of massive enteroatmospheric fistulation with a pedicled subtotal lateral thigh flap. In: Br J Surg 964–72
  68.Clark CE, Walker T, Bacon L, McCoy J, Babaloa O (2013) Staged suspension of an enteroatmospheric fistula: a novel surgical approach. Am Surg 79:E139–40PubMed
  69.Krpata DM, Stein SL, Eston M, Ermlich B, Blatnik JA, Novitsky YW, Rosen MJ (2013) Outcomes of simultaneous large complex abdominal wall reconstruction and enterocutaneous fistula takedown. AJS 205:354–9CrossRef
  70.Dionigi G, Dionigi R, Rovera F, Boni L, Padalino P, Minoja G, Cuffari S, Carrafiello G (2008) Treatment of high output entero-cutaneous fistulae associated with large abdominal wall defects: single center experience. Int J Surg 6:51–6CrossRef PubMed
  71.Demetriades D (2003) A technique of surgical closure of complex intestinal fistulae in the open abdomen. J Trauma: Injur Infect Crit Care 55:999–1001CrossRef
  72.Latifi R, Joseph B, Kulvatunyou N, Wynne JL, O’Keeffe T, Tang A, Friese R, Rhee PM (2011) Enterocutaneous fistulas and a hostile abdomen: reoperative surgical approaches. In: World J Surg 516–23.
  73.Terzi C, Egeli T, Canda AE, Arslan NC (2014) Management of enteroatmospheric fistulae. Int Wound J 11(Suppl 1):17–21CrossRef PubMed
  
• 作者单位：Salomone Di Saverio (1)
  Antonio Tarasconi (2)
  Dominik A. Walczak (3)
  Roberto Cirocchi (4)
  Matteo Mandrioli (1)
  Arianna Birindelli (1)
  Gregorio Tugnoli (1)
  
  1. Emergency Surgery and Trauma Surgery Unit, Maggiore Hospital Regional Emergency Surgery and Trauma Center, Bologna Local Health District, AUSL, Bologna, Italy
  2. Emergency Surgery Department, Maggiore Hospital of Parma, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
  3. Department of General Surgery, John Paul II Memorial Hospital, Belchatow, Poland
  4. General and Emergency Surgery Department, Terni Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
  
• 刊物类别：Medicine
• 刊物主题：Medicine & Public Health
  General Surgery
  Abdominal Surgery
  Cardiac Surgery
  Thoracic Surgery
  Traumatic Surgery
  Vascular Surgery
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1435-2451

文摘

Background Entero-atmospheric fistula (EAF) is an enteric fistula occurring in the setting of an open abdomen, thus creating a communication between the GI tract and the external atmosphere. Management and nursing of patients suffering EAF carries several challenges, and prevention of EAF should be the first and best treatment option.