Thermal-Stable Proteins of Fruit of Long-Living Sacred Lotus Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn var. China Antique

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• 作者：J. Shen-Miller (1)
  Petra Lindner (2)
  Yongming Xie (3)
  Sarah Villa (4)
  Kerry Wooding (3)
  Steven G. Clarke (4)
  Rachel R. O. Loo (3)
  Joseph A. Loo (3)
  
• 关键词：Nelumbo nucifera China antique ; Heat ; soluble (100?°C) Proteins ; Hyperthermophile ; Mesophile protein ; alignments ; Stress ; and ; repair thermoproteins
• 刊名：Tropical Plant Biology
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：September 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：6
• 期：2-3
• 页码：69-84
• 全文大小：
• 作者单位：J. Shen-Miller (1)
  Petra Lindner (2)
  Yongming Xie (3)
  Sarah Villa (4)
  Kerry Wooding (3)
  Steven G. Clarke (4)
  Rachel R. O. Loo (3)
  Joseph A. Loo (3)
  
  1. IGPP Center for the Study of Evolution and the Origin of Life, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Geology Building, Room 5676, 595 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA
  2. Lehrstuhl Mikrobiologie, Regensburg University, Universitat Str. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
  3. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 402 Boyer Hall, Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA
  4. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 640 Boyer Hall, Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1570, USA
  
• ISSN：1935-9764

文摘

Single-seeded fruit of the sacred lotus Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn var. China Antique from NE China have been shown to remain viable for as long as ~1,300?years, determined by direct radiocarbon-dating, and to have a germination rate of 84?%. The pericarp, a fruit tissue that encloses the single seeds of Nelumbo, is one of the major factors contributing to fruit longevity. Proteins that are heat stable and have a protective function are equally important to such centuries-long seed viability. We document proteins of Nelumbo fruit that are able to withstand heating, 32?% of which remained soluble in the 110?°C-treated embryo axis of a 549-year-old fruit and 76?% retained fluidity in its cotyledons. The genome of Nelumbo has recently been published and annotated. The amino-acid sequences of 11 “thermal proteins” (soluble at 100?°C) of modern Nelumbo embryo axes and cotyledons, identified by mass spectrometry, Western blot and bioassay, are assembled and aligned with those of an archaeal hyperthermophile Methancaldococcus jannaschii (“Mj,” an anaerobic methanogen having a growth optimum of 85?°C) and with those of five mesophile angiosperms. These thermal proteins have roles in protection and repair under stress. More than half (55?%) of the durable Nelumbo thermal proteins are present in the archaean Mj, indicating their ancient history. One Nelumbo protein-repair enzyme exhibits activity at 100?°C, having a heat-tolerance higher than the comparable enzyme of Arabidopsis. A list of 30 sequenced but unassembled thermal proteins of Nelumbo is appended.