The Toolbox for Modified Aptamers

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• 作者：Sergey A. Lapa ; Alexander V. Chudinov ; Edward N. Timofeev
• 关键词：Aptamer ; Molecular evolution ; SELEX ; Nucleic acids ; Nucleotides ; Polymerases ; Modification ; Non ; natural nucleoside triphosphates ; PCR ; Primer extension
• 刊名：Molecular Biotechnology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：58
• 期：2
• 页码：79-92
• 全文大小：1,041 KB
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• 作者单位：Sergey A. Lapa (1)
  Alexander V. Chudinov (1)
  Edward N. Timofeev (1)
  
  1. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  
• 刊物主题：Biotechnology; Biochemistry, general; Cell Biology; Protein Science; Biological Techniques; Human Genetics;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1559-0305

文摘

Aptamers are nucleic acid-based scaffolds that can bind with high affinity to a variety of biological targets. Aptamers are identified from large DNA or RNA libraries through a process of directed molecular evolution (SELEX). Chemical modification of nucleic acids considerably increases the functional and structural diversity of aptamer libraries and substantially increases the affinity of the aptamers. Additionally, modified aptamers exhibit much greater resistance to biodegradation. The evolutionary selection of modified aptamers is conditioned by the possibility of the enzymatic synthesis and replication of non-natural nucleic acids. Wild-type or mutant polymerases and their non-natural nucleotide substrates that can support SELEX are highlighted in the present review. A focus is made on the efforts to find the most suitable type of nucleotide modifications and the engineering of new polymerases. Post-SELEX modification as a complementary method will be briefly considered as well. Keywords Aptamer Molecular evolution SELEX Nucleic acids Nucleotides Polymerases Modification Non-natural nucleoside triphosphates PCR Primer extension