Posterior Corneal Astigmatism and Current Strategies for Optimizing Outcomes with Toric IOLs

设为首页

收藏本站

网站地图 | English | 公务邮箱

读者指南

学术客户端

NSTL服务站

科技查新

Posterior Corneal Astigmatism and Current Strategies for Optimizing Outcomes with Toric IOLs

详细信息查看全文

作者：Nicholas Reiter ; Nick Mamalis
关键词：Posterior cornea ; Toric IOL ; Astigmatism
刊名：Current Ophthalmology Reports
出版年：2016
出版时间：March 2016
年：2016
卷：4
期：1
页码：15-24
全文大小：562 KB
参考文献：1.Porter J, Guirao A, Cox IG, Williams DR. Monochromatic aberrations of the human eye in a large population. J Opt Soc Am A: 2001;18(8):1793–803. doi:10.1364/JOSAA.18.001793 .CrossRef
2.Chen W, Zuo C, Chen C, et al. Prevalence of corneal astigmatism before cataract surgery in Chinese patients. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39(2):188–92. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2012.08.060 .PubMed CrossRef
3.Ferrer-Blasco T, Montés-Micó R, Peixoto-de-Matos SC, González-Méijome JM, Cerviño A. Prevalence of corneal astigmatism before cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009;35(1):70–5. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.09.027 .PubMed CrossRef
4.De Bernardo M, Zeppa L, Cennamo M, Iaccarino S, Lucia Zeppa NR. Prevalence of corneal astigmatism before cataract surgery in Caucasian patients. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2014;24(4):494–500.PubMed CrossRef
5.Yuan X, Song H, Peng G, Hua X, Tang X. Prevalence of corneal astigmatism in patients before cataract surgery in Northern China. J Ophthalmol. 2014;2014:536412. doi:10.1155/2014/536412 .PubMed PubMedCentral
6.Isyaku M, Ali SA, Hassan S. Preoperative corneal astigmatism among adult patients with cataract in Northern Nigeria. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2014;62(11):1094–5. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.146751 .PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
7.Hoffmann PC, Hütz WW. Analysis of biometry and prevalence data for corneal astigmatism in 23,239 eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36(9):1479–85. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2010.02.025 .PubMed CrossRef
8.Ang M, Mehta JS, Chan C, Htoon HM, Koh JCW, Tan DT. Refractive lenticule extraction: transition and comparison of 3 surgical techniques. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40(9):1415–24. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.12.026 .PubMed CrossRef
9.• Koch DD, Jenkins RB, Weikert MP, Yeu E, Wang L. Correcting astigmatism with toric intraocular lenses: effect of posterior corneal astigmatism. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39(12):1803–9. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.06.027 . Updated the Baylor nomogram in order to prevent the overcorrection of WTR astigmatism and undercorrection of ATR astigmatism which occurs in most devices.
10.Olsen T. On the calculation of power from curvature of the cornea. Br J Ophthalmol. 1986;70(2):152–4. doi:10.1136/bjo.70.2.152 .PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
11.Koch DD. The posterior cornea: hiding in plain sight. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(6):1070–1. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.01.022 .PubMed CrossRef
12.• Ueno Y, Hiraoka T, Miyazaki M, Ito M, Oshika T. Corneal thickness profile and posterior corneal astigmatism in normal corneas. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(6):1072–8. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.01.021 . Found that the posterior cornea contributes to ATR, and moreso in old age.
13.Ho JD, Tsai CY, Tsai RJF, Kuo LL, Tsai IL, Liou SW. Validity of the keratometric index: evaluation by the Pentacam rotating Scheimpflug camera. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34(1):137–45. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2007.09.033 .PubMed CrossRef
14.• Savini G, Versaci F, Vestri G, Ducoli P, Naeser K. Influence of posterior corneal astigmatism on total corneal astigmatism in eyes with moderate to high astigmatism. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40:1645–53. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.01.046 . Large prospective study confirming the existing literature that ignoring the posterior curvature leads to power calculation errors; in this study, 16.6% of cases differed by greater than 0.5D astigmatism when comparing anterior versus total corneal astigmatism.
15.•• Koch DD, Ali SF, Weikert MP, Shirayama M, Jenkins R, Wang L. Contribution of posterior corneal astigmatism to total corneal astigmatism. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38(12):2080–7. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2012.08.036 . Dual-Scheimpflug analyzer was compared to anterior cornea measurements alone. Introduced the Baylor nomogram in order to prevent the overcorrection of WTR astigmatism and undercorrection of ATR astigmatism.
16.Ho J-D, Liou S-W, Tsai RJ-F, Tsai C-Y. Effects of aging on anterior and posterior corneal astigmatism. Cornea. 2010;29(6):632–7. doi:10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181c2965f .PubMed
17.Fam H-B, Lim K-L. Validity of the keratometric index: large population-based study. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007;33(4):686–91. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2006.11.023 .PubMed CrossRef
18.Ho JD, Tsai CY, Liou SW. Accuracy of corneal astigmatism estimation by neglecting the posterior corneal surface measurement. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;147(5):788–795.e2. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2008.12.020 .PubMed CrossRef
19.Preussner P-R, Hoffmann P, Wahl J. Impact of posterior corneal surface on toric intraocular lens (IOL) calculation. Curr Eye Res. 2014;40(8):809–14. doi:10.3109/02713683.2014.959708 .PubMed CrossRef
20.Hayashi K, Hirata A, Manabe S-I, Hayashi H. Long-term change in corneal astigmatism after sutureless cataract surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;151(5):858–65. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2010.11.014 .PubMed CrossRef
21.Dubbelman M, Sicam VA, Van Der Heijde GL. The shape of the anterior and posterior surface of the aging human cornea. Vis Res. 2006;46:993–1001. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2005.09.021 .PubMed CrossRef
22.Hayashi K, Hayashi H, Hayashi F. Topographic analysis of the changes in corneal shape due to aging. Cornea. 1995;14:527–32. doi:10.1097/00003226-199509000-00014 .PubMed CrossRef
23.Ninn-Pedersen K. Relationships between preoperative astigmatism and corneal optical power, axial length, intraocular pressure, gender, and patient age. J Refract Surg (Thorofare, NJ 1995). 1996;12(4):472–82.
24.Pardhan S, Beesley J. Measurement of corneal curvature in young and older normal subjects. J Refract Surg. 1999;15(1081-597X):469–74.PubMed
25.Gudmundsdottir E, Jonasson F, Jonsson V, et al. “With the rule” astigmatism is not the rule in the elderly. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2000;78(6):642–6. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0420.2000.078006642.x .PubMed CrossRef
26.Asano K, Nomura H, Iwano M, et al. Relationship between astigmatism and aging in middle-aged and elderly Japanese. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2005;49:127–33. doi:10.1007/s10384-004-0152-1 .PubMed CrossRef
27.Ueno Y, Hiraoka T, Beheregaray S, Miyazaki M, Ito M, Oshika T. Age-related changes in anterior, posterior, and total corneal astigmatism. J Refract Surg. 2014;30(3):192–7. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20140218-01 .PubMed CrossRef
28.Zheng Y, Huang G, Huang W, He M. Distribution of central and peripheral corneal thickness in Chinese children and adults: the Guangzhou twin eye study. Cornea. 2008;27(7):776–81. doi:10.1097/ICO.0b013e31816f62d3 .PubMed CrossRef
29.Lee H, Kim T-I, Kim EK. Corneal astigmatism analysis for toric intraocular lens implantation: precise measurements for perfect correction. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2015;26(1):34–8. doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000119 .PubMed CrossRef
30.Rio-Cristobal A, Martin R. Corneal assessment technologies: current status. Surv Ophthalmol. 2014;59(6):599–614. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2014.05.001 .PubMed CrossRef
31.Savini G, Carbonelli M, Sbreglia A, Barboni P, Deluigi G, Hoffer KJ. Comparison of anterior segment measurements by 3 Scheimpflug tomographers and 1 Placido corneal topographer. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37(9):1679–85. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.03.055 .PubMed CrossRef
32.Gonen T, Cosar CB, Sener B, Keskinbora KH. Comparison of keratometric data obtained by automated keratometer, Dicon CT 200, Allegro Topolyzer, and Pentacam. J Refract Surg. 2012;28(8):557–61. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20120723-04 .PubMed CrossRef
33.Symes RJ, Ursell PG. Automated keratometry in routine cataract surgery: comparison of Scheimpflug and conventional values. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37(2):295–301. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2010.08.050 .PubMed CrossRef
34.Zhang L, Sy ME, Mai H, Yu F, Hamilton DR. Effect of posterior corneal astigmatism on refractive outcomes after toric intraocular lens implantation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41(1):84–9. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.04.033 .PubMed CrossRef
35.Huang J, Ding X, Savini G, et al. A comparison between scheimpflug imaging and optical coherence tomography in measuring corneal thickness. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(10):1951–8. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.02.022 .PubMed CrossRef
36.Milla M, Piñero DP, Amparo F, Alió JL. Pachymetric measurements with a new Scheimpflug photography-based system: intraobserver repeatability and agreement with optical coherence tomography pachymetry. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37(2):310–6. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2010.08.038 .PubMed CrossRef
37.Huang J, Savini G, Hu L, et al. Precision of a new Scheimpflug and Placido-disk analyzer in measuring corneal thickness and agreement with ultrasound pachymetry. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39(2):219–24. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2012.10.034 .PubMed CrossRef
38.Hernández-Camarena JC, Chirinos-Saldaña P, Navas A, et al. Repeatability, reproducibility, and agreement between three different scheimpflug systems in measuring corneal and anterior segment biometry. J Refract Surg. 2014;30(9):616–21. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20140815-02 .PubMed CrossRef
39.Savini G, Barboni P, Carbonelli M, Hoffer KJ. Repeatability of automatic measurements by a new Scheimpflug camera combined with Placido topography. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37(10):1809–16. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.04.033 .PubMed CrossRef
40.Shirayama M, Wang L, Weikert MP, Koch DD. Comparison of corneal powers obtained from 4 different devices. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;148(4):528–535.e1. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2009.04.028 .PubMed CrossRef
41.Aramberri J, Araiz L, Garcia A, et al. Dual versus single Scheimpflug camera for anterior segment analysis: precision and agreement. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38(11):1934–49. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2012.06.049 .PubMed CrossRef
42.Crawford AZ, Patel DV, Mcghee CNJ. Comparison and repeatability of keratometric and corneal power measurements obtained by Orbscan II, Pentacam, and Galilei corneal tomography systems. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;156(1):53–60. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2013.01.029 .PubMed CrossRef
43.Wang L, Shirayama M, Koch DD. Repeatability of corneal power and wavefront aberration measurements with a dual-Scheimpflug Placido corneal topographer. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36(3):425–30. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.09.034 .PubMed CrossRef
44.Szalai E, Berta A, Hassan Z, Módis L. Reliability and repeatability of swept-source Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography and Scheimpflug imaging in keratoconus. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38(3):485–94. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.10.027 .PubMed CrossRef
45.Kawamorita T, Nakayama N, Uozato H. Repeatability and reproducibility of corneal curvature measurements using the Pentacam and Keratron topography systems. J Refract Surg. 2009;25(6):539–44. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20090512-08 .PubMed
46.Uçakhan OÖ, Akbel V, Bıyıklı Z, Kanpolat A. Comparison of corneal curvature and anterior chamber depth measurements using the manual keratometer, Lenstar LS 900 and the Pentacam. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2013;20(3):201–6. doi:10.4103/0974-9233.114791 .PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
47.Jhanji V, Yang B, Yu M, Ye C, Leung CKS. Corneal thickness and elevation measurements using swept-source optical coherence tomography and slit scanning topography in normal and keratoconic eyes. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2013;41(8):735–45. doi:10.1111/ceo.12113 .PubMed CrossRef
48.Lee BW, Galor A, Feuer WJ, et al. Agreement between Pentacam and IOL master in patients undergoing toric IOL implantation. J Refract Surg. 2013;29(2):114–20. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20130117-06 .PubMed CrossRef
49.Delrivo M, Ruiseñor Vázquez PR, Galletti JD, et al. Agreement between placido topography and scheimpflug tomography for corneal astigmatism assessment. J Refract Surg. 2014;30(1):49–53. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20131217-06 .PubMed CrossRef
50.Kobashi H, Kamiya K, Igarashi A, et al. Comparison of corneal power, corneal astigmatism, and axis location in normal eyes obtained from an autokeratometer and a corneal topographer. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38(4):648–54. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.11.026 .PubMed CrossRef
51.Srivannaboon S, Soeharnila, Chirapapaisan C, Chonpimai P. Comparison of corneal astigmatism and axis location in cataract patients measured by total corneal power, automated keratometry, and simulated keratometry. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38(12):2088–93. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2012.07.024 .PubMed CrossRef
52.Hill W, Osher R, Cooke D, et al. Simulation of toric intraocular lens results: manual keratometry versus dual-zone automated keratometry from an integrated biometer. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37(12):2181–7. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.06.028 .PubMed CrossRef
53.Lee H, Chung JL, Kim EK, Sgrignoli B, Kim T. Univariate and bivariate polar value analysis of corneal astigmatism measurements obtained with 6 instruments. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38(9):1608–15. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2012.04.035 .PubMed CrossRef
54.Whang W-J, Byun Y-S, Joo C-K. Comparison of refractive outcomes using five devices for the assessment of preoperative corneal power. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012;40(5):425–32. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.2012.02777.x .CrossRef
55.Bullimore MA, Buehren T, Bissmann W. Agreement between a partial coherence interferometer and 2 manual keratometers. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39(10):1550–60. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.03.034 .PubMed CrossRef
56.Visser N, Berendschot TTJM, Verbakel F, De Brabander J, Nuijts RMM. Comparability and repeatability of corneal astigmatism measurements using different measurement technologies. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38(10):1764–70. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2012.05.036 .PubMed CrossRef
57.Chang M, Kang S-Y, Kim HM. Which keratometer is most reliable for correcting astigmatism with toric intraocular lenses? Korean J Ophthalmol. 2012;26(1):10. doi:10.3341/kjo.2012.26.1.10 .PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
58.Hamilton DR, Hardten DR. Cataract surgery in patients with prior refractive surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2003;14(1):44–53. doi:10.1097/00055735-200302000-00008 .PubMed CrossRef
59.Seitz B, Langenbucher A, Nguyen NX, Kus MM, Küchle M. Underestimation of intraocular lens power for cataract surgery after myopic photorefractive keratectomy. Ophthalmology. 1999;106(4):693–702. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(99)90153-7 .PubMed CrossRef
60.Gimbel H, Sun R. Accuracy and predictability of intraocular lens power calculation after photorefractive keratectomy. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000;26(8):1147–51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11008040 , http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0886335000004806 .
61.Gimbel HV, Sun R. Accuracy and predictability of intraocular lens power calculation after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001;27(4):571–6. doi:10.1016/S0886-3350(00)00795-1 .PubMed CrossRef
62.Randleman JB, Loupe DN, Song CD, Waring GO, Stulting RD. Intraocular lens power calculations after laser in situ keratomileusis. Cornea. 2002;21(8):751–5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12410029 .
63.Hamed AM, Wang L, Misra M, Koch DD. A comparative analysis of five methods of determining corneal refractive power in eyes that have undergone myopic laser in situ keratomileusis. Ophthalmology. 2002;109(01):651–8. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(01)01001-6 .PubMed CrossRef
64.Giessler SDG. Orbscan pachymetry after LASIK is not reliable. J Refract Surg. 2001;17(3):385–7.PubMed
65.Cairns G, Ormonde SE, Gray T, et al. Assessing the accuracy of Orbscan II post-LASIK: apparent keratectasia is paradoxically associated with anterior chamber depth reduction in successful procedures. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2005;33:147–52. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.2005.00975.x .CrossRef
66.Rabinowitz YS. Ectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2006;17(5):421–6. doi:10.1097/01.icu.0000243015.51886.3a .PubMed CrossRef
67.McNabb RP, Farsiu S, Stinnett SS, Izatt JA, Kuo AN. Optical coherence tomography accurately measures corneal power change from laser refractive surgery. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(4):677–86. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.10.003 .PubMed CrossRef
68.Fram NR, Masket S, Wang L. Comparison of intraoperative aberrometry, OCT-based IOL formula, haigis-L, and masket formulae for IOL power calculation after laser vision correction. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(6):1096–101. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.01.027 .PubMed CrossRef
69.Tang M, Wang L, Koch DD, Li Y, Huang D. Intraocular lens power calculation after previous myopic laser vision correction based on corneal power measured by Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38(4):589–94. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.11.025 .PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
70.Masket S, Fram NR. Achieving targeted refractive outcomes in cataract surgery with intraoperative wavefront aberrometer; and Comparison of IOL power calculations in post-LASIK eyes having cataract surgery using multiple formulas, OCT, and intraoperative aberrometry. In: ASCRS Symp Cataract IOL, Refract Surg. (San Francisco).
71.Tran DB. The use of intraoperative wavefront aberrometry in post-LASIK eyes. In: European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons, Barcelona; 2009.
72.Chen M. An evaluation of the accuracy of the ORange® (Gen II) by comparing it to the IOLMaster® in the prediction of postoperative refraction. Clin Ophthalmol. 2012;6:397–401. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S30153 .PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
73.Chen M. Correlation between ORange® (Gen 1, pseudophakic) intraoperative refraction and 1-week postcataract surgery autorefraction. Clin Ophthalmol. 2011;5:197–9. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S17489 .PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
74.Wong ACM, Mak ST, Tse RKK. Clinical evaluation of the intraoperative refraction technique for intraocular lens power calculation. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(4):711–6. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.09.004 .PubMed CrossRef
75.Abulafia A, Barrett GD, Kleinmann G, et al. Prediction of refractive outcomes with toric intraocular lens implantation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41:936–44. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.08.036 .PubMed CrossRef
76.Matsumoto Y, Hara T, Chiba K, Chikuda M. Optimal incision sites to obtain an astigmatism-free cornea after cataract surgery with a 3.2 mm sutureless incision. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001;27(10):1615–9. doi:10.1016/S0886-3350(01)00876-8 .PubMed CrossRef
77.Kaufmann C, Peter J, Ooi K, Phipps S, Cooper P, Goggin M. Limbal relaxing incisions versus on-axis incisions to reduce corneal astigmatism at the time of cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2005;31(12):2261–5. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2005.08.046 .PubMed CrossRef
78.Mendicute J, Irigoyen C, Ruiz M, Illarramendi I, Ferrer-Blasco T, Montés-Micó R. Toric intraocular lens versus opposite clear corneal incisions to correct astigmatism in eyes having cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009;35(3):451–8. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.11.043 .PubMed CrossRef
79.Katz T, Wagenfeld L, Galambos P, Darrelmann BG, Richard G, Linke SJ. LASIK versus photorefractive keratectomy for high myopic (>3 diopter) astigmatism. J Refract Surg. 2013;29(12):824–31. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20131029-03 .PubMed CrossRef
80.Cleary C, Tang M, Ahmed H, Fox M, Huang D. Beveled femtosecond laser astigmatic keratotomy for the treatment of high astigmatism post-penetrating keratoplasty. Cornea. 2012;32(1):1. doi:10.1097/ICO.0b013e31825ea2e6 .
81.Ernest P, Hill W, Potvin R. Minimizing surgically induced astigmatism at the time of cataract surgery using a square posterior limbal incision. J Ophthalmol. 2011;2011:243170. doi:10.1155/2011/243170 .PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
82.Rubenstein JB, Raciti M. Approaches to corneal astigmatism in cataract surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2013;24(1):30–4. doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e32835ac853 .PubMed CrossRef
83.Simşek S, Yaşar T, Demirok A, Cinal A, Yilmaz O. Effect of superior and temporal clear corneal incisions on astigmatism after sutureless phacoemulsification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1998;24(4):515–8.PubMed CrossRef
84.Roman SJ, Auclin FX, Chong-Sit DA, Ullern MM. Surgically induced astigmatism with superior and temporal incisions in cases of with-the-rule preoperative astigmatism. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1998;24(12):1636–41. doi:10.1016/S0886-3350(98)80356-8 .PubMed CrossRef
85.Lyhne N, Krogsager J, Corydon L, Kjeldgaard M. One year follow-up of astigmatism after 4.0 mm temporal clear corneal and superior scleral incisions. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26(1):1–5.CrossRef
86.Tejedor J, Murube J. Choosing the location of corneal incision based on preexisting astigmatism in phacoemulsification. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;139(5):767–76. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2004.12.057 .PubMed CrossRef
87.Borasio E, Mehta JS, Maurino V. Surgically induced astigmatism after phacoemulsification in eyes with mild to moderate corneal astigmatism. Temporal versus on-axis clear corneal incisions. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32(4):565–72. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2005.12.104 .PubMed CrossRef
88.Hayashi K, Yoshida M, Hayashi H. Postoperative corneal shape changes: microincision versus small-incision coaxial cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009;35(2):233–9. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.10.031 .PubMed CrossRef
89.Masket S, Wang L, Belani S. Induced astigmatism with 2.2- and 3.0-mm coaxial phacoemulsification incisions. J Refract Surg. 2009;25(January):21–4.PubMed
90.Kohnen T, Dick B, Jacobi KW. Comparison of the induced astigmatism after temporal clear corneal tunnel incisions of different sizes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1995;21(4):417–24. doi:10.1016/S0886-3350(13)80532-9 .PubMed CrossRef
91.Pfleger T, Skorpik C, Menapace R, Scholz U, Weghaupt H, Zehetmayer M. Long-term course of induced astigmatism after clear corneal incision cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1996;22(1):72–77. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030024298&partnerID=tZOtx3y1 .
92.Hayashi K, Yoshida M, Hayashi H. Corneal shape changes after 2.0-mm or 3.0-mm clear corneal versus scleral tunnel incision cataract surgery. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(7):1313–23. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.11.041 .PubMed CrossRef
93.Storr-Paulsen A, Madsen H, Perriard A. Possible factors modifying the surgically induced astigmatism in cataract surgery. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1999;77(5):548–51. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0420.1999.770513.x .PubMed CrossRef
94.Denoyer A, Ricaud X, Van Went C, Labbé A, Baudouin C. Influence of corneal biomechanical properties on surgically induced astigmatism in cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39(8):1204–10. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.02.052 .PubMed CrossRef
95.•• Visser N, Bauer NJC, Nuijts RMM. Toric intraocular lenses: Historical overview, patient selection, IOL calculation, surgical techniques, clinical outcomes, and complications. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39(4):624–7. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.02.020 . A detailed overview of modern toric IOLs, including a meta-analysis of their rotational stability.
96.Rho CR, Joo C-K. Effects of steep meridian incision on corneal astigmatism in phacoemulsification cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38(4):666–71. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.11.031 .PubMed CrossRef
97.Cheng LS, Tsai CY, Tsai RJF, Liou SW, Der HJ. Estimation accuracy of surgically induced astigmatism on the cornea when neglecting the posterior corneal surface measurement. Acta Ophthalmol. 2011;89(5):417–22. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2009.01732.x .PubMed CrossRef
98.Oshika T, Tsuboi S. Astigmatic and refractive stabilization after cataract surgery. Ophthalmic Surg. 1995;26(4):309–15.PubMed
99.Masket S, Tennen DG. Astigmatic stabilization of 3.0 mm temporal clear corneal cataract incisions. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1996;22(10):1451–5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9051501 .
100.Feil SH, Crandall AS, Olson RJ. Astigmatic decay following small incision, self-sealing cataract surgery: one-year follow-up. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1995;21(4):433–6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8523289 .
101.Rainer G, Menapace R, Vass C, Strenn K, Papapanos P. Surgically induced astigmatism following a 4.0 mm sclerocorneal valve incision. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1997;23(3):358–64.PubMed CrossRef
102.Rainer G, Vass C, Menapace R, Papapanos P, Strenn K, Findl O. Long-term course of surgically induced astigmatism after a 5.0 mm sclerocorneal valve incision. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1998;24(12):1642–6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9850905 .
103.Drews RC. Five year study of astigmatic stability after cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation: comparison of wound sizes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26(2):250–3. doi:10.1016/S0886-3350(99)00360-0 .PubMed CrossRef
104.Hayashi K, Hirata A, Manabe S-I, Hayashi H. Reply. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;152(6):1084–5. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2011.08.016 .CrossRef
105.Xu Y, Yang Y. Dry eye after small incision lenticule extraction and LASIK for myopia. J Refract Surg. 2014;30(3):186–90. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20140219-02 .PubMed CrossRef
106.Vestergaard AH, Grauslund J, Ivarsen AR, Hjortdal JO. Efficacy, safety, predictability, contrast sensitivity, and aberrations after femtosecond laser lenticule extraction. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40(3):403–11. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.07.053 .PubMed CrossRef
107.Muftuoglu IK, Aydin Akova Y, Aksoy SUE. Comparison of astigmatism correction using either peripheral corneal relaxing incisions or toric intraocular lenses. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2015. doi:10.5301/ejo.5000690 .PubMed
108.De Vries NE, Webers CA, Montés-Micó R, Ferrer-Blasco T, Nuijts RMM. Visual outcomes after cataract surgery with implantation of a +3.00 D or +4.00 D aspheric diffractive multifocal intraocular lens: comparative study. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36(8):1316–22. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2010.01.036 .PubMed CrossRef
109.Waltz KL, Featherstone K, Tsai L, Trentacost D. Clinical outcomes of TECNIS toric intraocular lens implantation after cataract removal in patients with corneal astigmatism. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(1):39–47. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.06.027 .PubMed CrossRef
110.Alfonso JF, Fernández-Vega L, Puchades C, Montés-Micó R. Intermediate visual function with different multifocal intraocular lens models. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36(5):733–9. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.11.018 .PubMed CrossRef
111.Chan CC, Holland EJ. Management of astigmatism: toric intraocular lenses. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2012;52(2). http://journals.lww.com/internat-ophthalmology/Fulltext/2012/05220/Management_of_Astigmatism___Toric_Intraocular.5.aspx .
112.Hayashi K, Kondo H, Yoshida M, Manabe S, Hirata A. Higher-order aberrations and visual function in pseudophakic eyes with a toric intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38(7):1156–65. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2012.02.032 .PubMed CrossRef
113.Scialdone A, Raimondi G, Monaco G. In vivo assessment of higher-order aberrations after AcrySof toric intraocular lens implantation: a comparative study. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2011. doi:10.5301/ejo.5000090 .
114.Visser N, Beckers HJM, Bauer NJC, et al. Toric vs aspherical control intraocular lenses in patients with cataract and corneal astigmatism: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014;132(12):1462–8. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.3602 .PubMed CrossRef
115.Sun XY, Vicary D, Montgomery P, Griffiths M. Toric intraocular lenses for correcting astigmatism in 130 eyes. Ophthalmology. 2000;107(9):1776–81. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(00)00266-9 discussion 1781–1782.PubMed CrossRef
116.Leyland M, Zinicola E, Bloom P, Lee N. Prospective evaluation of a plate haptic toric intraocular lens. Eye. 2001;15(2):202–5. doi:10.1038/eye.2001.61 .PubMed CrossRef
117.Ruhswurm I, Scholz U, Zehetmayer M, Hanselmayer G, Vass C, Skorpik C. Astigmatism correction with a foldable toric intraocular lens in cataract patients. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26(7):1022–7. doi:10.1016/S0886-3350(00)00317-5 .PubMed CrossRef
118.Patel CK, Ormonde S, Rosen PH, Bron AJ. Postoperative intraocular lens rotation: a randomized comparison of plate and loop haptic implants. Ophthalmology. 1999;106(11):2190–5. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(99)90504-3 discussion 2196.PubMed CrossRef
119.Chang DF. Repositioning technique and rate for toric intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009;35(7):1315–6. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.02.035 .PubMed CrossRef
120.Till JS, Yoder PR, Wilcox TK, Spielman JL. Toric intraocular lens implantation: 100 Consecutive cases. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28(2):295–301. doi:10.1016/S0886-3350(01)01035-5 .PubMed CrossRef
121.Jampaulo M, Olson MD, Miller KM. Long-term staar toric intraocular lens rotational stability. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146(4):550–3. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2008.05.040 .PubMed CrossRef
122.Chang DF. Early rotational stability of the longer Staar toric intraocular lens: fifty consecutive cases. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003;29(5):935–40. doi:10.1016/S0886-3350(02)01843-6 .PubMed CrossRef
123.Zuberbuhler B, Signer T, Gale R, Haefliger E. Rotational stability of the AcrySof SA60TT toric intraocular lenses: a cohort study. BMC Ophthalmol. 2008;8(1):8. doi:10.1186/1471-2415-8-8 .PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
124.Holland E, Lane S, Horn JD, Ernest P, Arleo R, Miller KM. The AcrySof Toric intraocular lens in subjects with cataracts and corneal astigmatism: a randomized, subject-masked, parallel-group, 1-year study. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(11):2104–11. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.07.033 .PubMed CrossRef
125.Zhu X, He W, Zhang K, Lu Y. Factors influencing 1-year rotational stability of AcrySof Toric intraocular lenses. Br J Ophthalmol. 2015. http://bjo.bmj.com/content/early/2015/06/18/bjophthalmol-2015-306656.abstract .
126.Watanabe K, Negishi K, Torii H, Saiki M, Dogru M, Tsubota K. Simple and accurate alignment of toric intraocular lenses and evaluation of their rotation errors using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2012;56(1):31–7. doi:10.1007/s10384-011-0097-0 .PubMed CrossRef
127.Linnola RJ, Sund M, Ylönen R, Pihlajaniemi T. Adhesion of soluble fibronectin, vitronectin, and collagen type IV to intraocular lens materials. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003;29(1):146–52. doi:10.1016/S0886-3350(02)01422-0 .PubMed CrossRef
128.Lombardo M, Carbone G, Lombardo G, De Santo MP, Barberi R. Analysis of intraocular lens surface adhesiveness by atomic force microscopy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009;35(7):1266–72. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.02.029 .PubMed CrossRef
129.Oshika T, Nagata T, Ishii Y. Adhesion of lens capsule to intraocular lenses of polymethylmethacrylate, silicone, and acrylic foldable materials: an experimental study. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998;82(5):549–53. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1722579&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract .
130.Shah GD, Praveen MR, Vasavada AR, Vasavada VA, Rampal G, Shastry LR. Rotational stability of a toric intraocular lens: influence of axial length and alignment in the capsular bag. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38(1):54–59. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.08.028 .
131.Miyake T, Kamiya K, Amano R, Iida Y, Tsunehiro S, Shimizu K. Long-term clinical outcomes of toric intraocular lens implantation in cataract cases with preexisting astigmatism. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40(10):1654–60. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.01.044 .PubMed CrossRef
132.Bachernegg A, Rückl T, Riha W, Grabner G, Dexl AK. Rotational stability and visual outcome after implantation of a new toric intraocular lens for the correction of corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39(9):1390–8. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.03.033 .PubMed CrossRef
133.Bascaran L, Mendicute J, Macias-Murelaga B, Arbelaitz N, Martinez-Soroa I. Efficacy and stability of AT TORBI 709M toric IOL. J Refract Surg. 2013;29:194–9. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20130129-02 .PubMed CrossRef
134.Agresta B, Knorz MC, Donatti C, Jackson D. Visual acuity improvements after implantation of toric intraocular lenses in cataract patients with astigmatism: a systematic review. BMC Ophthalmol. 2012;12(1):41. doi:10.1186/1471-2415-12-41 .PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
135.Ahmed IIK, Rocha G, Slomovic AR, et al. Visual function and patient experience after bilateral implantation of toric intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36:609–16. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.10.044 .PubMed CrossRef
136.Pouyeh B, Galor A, Junk AK, et al. Surgical and refractive outcomes of cataract surgery with toric intraocular lens implantation at a resident-teaching institution. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37(9):1623–8. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.03.050 .PubMed CrossRef
137.Ferreira TB, Marques EF, Rodrigues A, Montés-Micó R. Visual and optical outcomes of a diffractive multifocal toric intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39(7):1029–35. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.02.037 .PubMed CrossRef
138.Visser N, Ruíz-Mesa R, Pastor F, Bauer NJC, Nuijts RMM, Montés-Micó R. Cataract surgery with toric intraocular lens implantation in patients with high corneal astigmatism. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37(8):1403–10. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.03.034 .PubMed CrossRef
139.Ernest P, Potvin R. Effects of preoperative corneal astigmatism orientation on results with a low-cylinder-power toric intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37(4):727–32. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2010.11.026 .PubMed CrossRef
140.Statham M, Apel A, Stephensen D. Comparison of the AcrySof SA60 spherical intraocular lens and the AcrySof Toric SN60T3 intraocular lens outcomes in patients with low amounts of corneal astigmatism. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009;37(8):775–9. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.2009.02154.x .CrossRef
141.Titiyal JS, Khatik M, Sharma N, et al. Toric intraocular lens implantation versus astigmatic keratotomy to correct astigmatism during phacoemulsification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40(5):741–7. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.10.036 .PubMed CrossRef
142.Gangwani V, Hirnschall N, Findl O, Maurino V. Multifocal toric intraocular lenses versus multifocal intraocular lenses combined with peripheral corneal relaxing incisions to correct moderate astigmatism. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40(10):1625–32. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.01.037 .PubMed CrossRef
143.Mingo-Botín D, Muñoz-Negrete FJ, WonKim HR, Morcillo-Laiz R, Rebolleda G, Oblanca N. Comparison of toric intraocular lenses and peripheral corneal relaxing incisions to treat astigmatism during cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36(10):1700–8. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2010.04.043 .PubMed CrossRef
144.Hirnschall N, Gangwani V, Crnej A, Koshy J, Maurino V, Findl O. Correction of moderate corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery: toric intraocular lens versus peripheral corneal relaxing incisions. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40:354–61. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.08.049 .PubMed CrossRef
145.Poll JT, Wang L, Koch DDWM. Correction of astigmatism during cataract surgery: toric intraocular lens compared to peripheral corneal relaxing incisions. J Refract Surg. 2011;27:165–71.PubMed
146.Maedel S, Hirnschall N, Chen YA, Findl O. Rotational performance and corneal astigmatism correction during cataract surgery: aspheric toric intraocular lens versus aspheric nontoric intraocular lens with opposite clear corneal incision. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40(8):1355–62. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.11.039 .PubMed CrossRef
147.Eom Y, Song JS, Kim YY, Kim HM. Comparison of SRK/T and Haigis formulas for predicting corneal astigmatism correction with toric intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41(8):1650–7. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.12.053 .PubMed CrossRef
作者单位：Nicholas Reiter (1)
Nick Mamalis (1)

1. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, 65 Mario Capecchi Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
刊物主题：Ophthalmology;
出版者：Springer US
ISSN：2167-4868

文摘

Traditionally when determining a patient’s astigmatism, only the curvature of the anterior cornea was measured. This was due to the relative ease of anterior measurement and assumptions that the posterior cornea did not play a significant role in refraction. However, new technologies have been developed to measure the posterior corneal curvature, and outcome data have shown that including the posterior curvature in toric IOL power calculations reduces residual astigmatic error. Understanding the contribution of the posterior cornea to a patient’s astigmatism is a key in order to provide the best care and refractive outcomes.

常见问题　|　交通位置　|　联系我们　|　OA远程办公

地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号邮编：100083

电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700