Interrelations among Regulation Focus, Authenticity and Emotional Responses to Frustration of Self-Related Experiences among University Students in Turkey

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Serap Akfırat ; Arzu Gül ; Ünsal Yetim
• 关键词：Self ; Frustration ; Emotions ; Prevention focus ; Promotion focus ; Authenticity
• 刊名：Current Psychology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：35
• 期：1
• 页码：99-107
• 全文大小：353 KB
• 参考文献：Barret, L. F. (2006). Are emotions natural kinds? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1, 28–58.CrossRef
  Brewer, M. B., & Gardner, W. (1996). Who is this “we”? Levels of collective identity and self representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 83–93.CrossRef
  Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  Chen, S., Boucher, H. C., & Tapias, M. P. (2006). The relational self revealed: integrative conceptualization and implications for interpersonal life. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 151–179.CrossRef PubMed
  Chentsova-Dutton, Y. E., & Tsai, J. L. (2010). Self-focused attention and emotional reactivity: the role of culture. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 507–519.CrossRef PubMed
  Dogruyol, B. (2008). The impact of parental control and support on the development of chronic self-regulatory focus. Graduate School of Social Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Turkey. Unpublished master thesis.
  Frijda, N. H., Kuipers, P., & Ter Schure, E. (1989). Relations among emotion, appraisal, and emotional action readiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 212–228.CrossRef
  Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76, 408–420.CrossRef
  Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1999). Is there a universal need for positive self-regard? Psychological Review, 106, 766–794.CrossRef PubMed
  Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy; a theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94, 319–340.CrossRef PubMed
  Higgins, E. T. (1996). The “self digest”: self-knowledge serving self regulatory functions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 1062–1083.CrossRef PubMed
  Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52, 1280–1300.CrossRef PubMed
  Higgins, E. T., & Spiegel, S. (2004). Promotion and prevention strategies for self-regulation: A motivated cognition perspective. In R. F. Baumeister & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory and applications (pp. 171–187). New York: Guilford Press.
  Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
  Hong, Y. Y., Morris, M., Chiu, C. Y., & Benet-Martínez, V. (2000). Multicultural minds: a dynamic constructivist approach to culture and cognition. American Psychologist, 55, 709–720.CrossRef PubMed
  Imamoglu, E. O. (2003). Individuation and relatedness: not opposing but distinct and complementary. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 129(4), 367–402.PubMed
  Imamoglu, E. O., Gunaydın, G., & Selcuk, E. (2011). Özgün benliğin yordayıcıları olarak kendileşme ve ilişkililik: cinsiyetin ve kültürel yönelimlerin ötesinde. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 26, 27–43.
  Impett, E. A., Sorsoli, L., Schooler, D., Henson, J. M., & Tolman, D. L. (2008). Relationship authenticity and girls’ self-esteem across adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 44, 722–733.CrossRef PubMed
  Kagitcibasi, C. (1996). The autonomous-relatedness self: a new synthesis. European Psychologist, 1, 180–186.CrossRef
  Kernis, M. H. (2003). Toward a conceptualization of optimal self-esteem. Psychological Inquiry, 14, 1–26.CrossRef
  Kernis, M. H., & Goldman, B. M. (2006). Making diamonds out of coal: The role of authenticity in healthy (optimal) self-esteem and psychological functioning. In M. H. Kernis (Ed.), Self-Esteem: Issues and Answers (pp. 132–139). NY: Psychology Press.
  Kitayama, S., & Markus, H. R. (2000). The pursuit of happiness and the realization of sympathy: Cultural patterns of self, social relations, and well-being. In E. Diener & E. Suh (Eds.), Subjective Well-being across Cultures (pp. 113–162). Cambridge: MIT Press.
  Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
  Kluger, A. N., Yaniv, I., & Kühberger, A. (2001). Needs, self-regulation, and risk preference. Paper presented at the 2nd Annual meeting of the Society of Personality and Social Psychology, San Antonio, Texas.
  Lalwani, A. K., Shrum, L. J., & Chiu, C. (2009). Motivated response styles: the role of cultural values, regulatory focus and self-consciousness in socially desirable responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 870–882.CrossRef PubMed
  Lee, A. Y., & Semin, G. R. (2009). Culture through the Lens of Self-Regulatory Orientations. In Wyer et al. (Eds.), Understanding Culture: Theory, Research and Application (pp. 271–288). New York: Psychology Press.
  Lee, A. Y., Aaker, J. L., & Gardner, W. L. (2000). The pleasures and pains of distinct self- construals: the role of interdependence in regulatory focus. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 1122–1134.CrossRef PubMed
  Lockwood, P., Jordan, C. H., & Kunda, Z. (2002). Motivation by positive or negative role models: regulatory focus determines who will best inspire us. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 854–864.CrossRef PubMed
  MacKinnon, D. P. (2008). Introduction to Statistical Mediation Analysis. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and self: implications for cognition, emotion and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224–253.CrossRef
  Mesquita, B., & Albert, D. (2007). Emotions as dynamic cultural phenomena. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), The handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 486–503). New York: Guilford Press.
  Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891.CrossRef PubMed
  Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006). Self-regulation and the problem of human autonomy: does psychology need choice, self-determination and will? Journal of Personality, 74, 1557–1586.CrossRef PubMed
  Schlegel, R. J., Hicks, J. A., Arndt, J., & King, L. A. (2009). Thine own self: true self-concept accessibility and meaning in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 473–490.CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  Schwartz, S. H. (2012). An overview of the Schwartz theory of basic values. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1). doi: 10.​9707/​2307-0919.​1116 .
  Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R. M., Rawsthorne, L. J., & Ilardi, B. (1997). Trait self and true self: cross-role variation in the big-five personality traits and its relations with psychological authenticity and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1380–1393.CrossRef
  Singelis, T. M. (1994). The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27, 159–171.
  Smith, C. A., & Ellsworth, P. C. (1985). Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 813–838.CrossRef PubMed
  Triandis, H. C. (1989). The self and social behavior in differing cultural. contexts. Psychological Review, 96, 506–520.CrossRef
  Wood, A. M., Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., Baliousis, M., & Joseph, S. (2008). The authentic personality: a theoretical and empirical conceptualization and the development of the authenticity scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55, 385–399.CrossRef
  Wyer, R. S., Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. (1999). Perspectives on behavioral self-regulation. New York: Psychology Press.
  Yetim, U. (2003). Impacts of individualism/collectivism, self-esteem, feeling of mastery on life satisfaction among the Turkish university students and academicians. Social Indicators Research, 61, 297–317.CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Serap Akfırat (1)
  Arzu Gül (2)
  Ünsal Yetim (2)
  
  1. Psychology Department, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmır, Turkey
  2. Psychology Department, Mersin University, Mersın, Turkey
  
• 刊物主题：Psychology, general; Social Sciences, general; Interdisciplinary Studies;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1936-4733

文摘

The aim of this study is to investigate the possible interrelation of regulatory focus, authenticity and negative emotional responses to the frustration that surrounds relational and independent self-aspects in Turkey, both of which are witnessing a rise among the educated-urbanized population. Previous findings show that both independent self-aspects and relational self-aspects may be experienced authentically, while authenticity of self appears to be associated more closely with promotion focus than prevention focus. We proposed a model in which authenticity mediates the relationship between promotion focus and emotional responses to independent and related self-frustration, while prevention focus directly predicts emotional responses to relational self-frustration, and promotion focus directly predicts emotional responses to independent self-frustration. The proposed model is tested on self-reported data collected from Turkish university students (N = 317). The results reveal that promotion focus was a direct predictor of emotional responses to frustration of the independent self-aspect, while prevention focus predicted directly the emotional responses to frustration of the relational self-aspect. Authenticity was found to mediate the relationship between promotion focus and the emotional responses to frustration of the relational self-aspect. These results suggest that relational goals, such as safeguarding the interests of significant others, may be regulated not only with prevention strategies, but also with promotion strategies, through perceived authenticity.