Adaptative processes, control measures, genetic background, and resilience of malaria vectors and environmental changes in the Amazon region

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• 作者：W. P. Tadei ; I. B. Rodrigues ; M. S. Rafael ; R. T. M. Sampaio…
• 关键词：Amazon ecosystem ; Anopheles darlingi ; Brazilian malaria ; Genetic variability ; Vector control
• 刊名：Hydrobiologia
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：March 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：789
• 期：1
• 页码：179-196
• 全文大小：752KB
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Freshwater & Marine Ecology; Ecology; Zoology;
• 出版者：Springer International Publishing
• ISSN：1573-5117
• 卷排序：789

文摘

This study relates multiple parameters that are involved in the occurrence and control of malaria in the Amazon. Ebbs and floods, black and white waters, fishponds, and “repiquete” (Amazonian waters phenomenon) influence the density of Anopheles darlingi Root, 1926. The adaptive processes, genetic background, and resilience of Anopheles vectors change in response to climate and environmental changes. This study covers the diversity of anophelines, which increases due to anthropic activities. Regarding strategies for vector control, the following measures are important: (1) use mechanical barriers inside houses (screens and impregnated mosquito nets), (2) determine the level of anopheline resistance to insecticides, and (3) determine the effect of the physiological state of females on malaria transmission effectiveness. Bioinsecticides were found to be efficient in the control of immatures, and there was no alteration of the associated fauna. Data on genetic variability and vector populations demonstrated greater polymorphism in intradomicile subpopulations. Furthermore, knowledge on the structural genome and transcriptome of A. darlingi, associated with bio-ecology and evolution, may indicate an adaptive strategy of this species to the Amazon biome. There are anthropic activities and environmental and climatic changes that favor increased vector density, requiring specific control strategies to reduce populations of this species.