Intra-individual lap time variation of the 400-m walk, an early mobility indicator of executive function decline in high-functioning older adults?

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• 作者：Qu Tian ; Susan M. Resnick ; Luigi Ferrucci ; Stephanie A. Studenski
• 关键词：Lap time variation ; Executive function ; Longitudinal study ; Aging
• 刊名：AGE
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：37
• 期：6
• 全文大小：1,023 KB
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• 作者单位：Qu Tian (1) (3)
  Susan M. Resnick (2)
  Luigi Ferrucci (1)
  Stephanie A. Studenski (1)
  
  1. Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, 21224, MD, USA
  3. 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Rm 04B316, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
  2. Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, 21224, MD, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Cell Biology
  Geriatrics and Gerontology
  Molecular Medicine
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1574-4647

文摘

Higher intra-individual lap time variation (LTV) of the 400-m walk is cross-sectionally associated with poorer attention in older adults. Whether higher LTV predicts decline in executive function and whether the relationship is accounted for by slower walking remain unanswered. The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between baseline LTV and longitudinal change in executive function. We used data from 347 participants aged 60 years and older (50.7 % female) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Longitudinal assessments of executive function were conducted between 2007 and 2013, including attention (Trails A, Digit Span Forward Test), cognitive flexibility and set shifting (Trails B, Delta TMT: Trials B minus Trials A), visuoperceptual speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test), and working memory (Digit Span Backward Test). LTV and mean lap time (MLT) were obtained from the 400-m walk test concurrent with the baseline executive function assessment. LTV was computed as variability of lap time across ten 40-m laps based on individual trajectories. A linear mixed-effects model was used to examine LTV in relation to changes in executive function, adjusted for age, sex, education, and MLT. Higher LTV was associated with greater decline in performance on Trails B (β--.322, p-lt;-.001) and delta TMT (β--.230, p-lt;-.001), independent of covariates. Findings remained largely unchanged after further adjustment for MLT. LTV was not associated with changes in other executive function measures (all p-gt;-.05). In high-functioning older adults, higher LTV in the 400-m walk predicts executive function decline involving cognitive flexibility and set shifting over a long period of time. High LTV may be an early indicator of executive function decline independent of MLT. Keywords Lap time variation Executive function Longitudinal study Aging