Extracellular polysaccharides from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota: production conditions, biochemical characteristics, and biological properties

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• 作者：Monika Osińska-Jaroszuk…
• 关键词：Exopolysaccharides ; Fungi ; Ascomycota ; Basidiomycota ; Biological properties
• 刊名：World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：31
• 期：12
• 页码：1823-1844
• 全文大小：597 KB
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• 作者单位：Monika Osińska-Jaroszuk (1)
  Anna Jarosz-Wilko?azka (1)
  Jolanta Jaroszuk-?cise? (2)
  Katarzyna Sza?apata (1)
  Artur Nowak (2)
  Magdalena Jaszek (1)
  Ewa Ozimek (2)
  Ma?gorzata Majewska (2)
  
  1. Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sk?odowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
  2. Department of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sk?odowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
  
• 刊物类别：Chemistry and Materials Science
• 刊物主题：Chemistry
  Applied Microbiology
  Biotechnology
  Biochemistry
  Environmental Biotechnology
  Microbiology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-0972

文摘

Fungal polysaccharides (PSs) are the subject of research in many fields of science and industry. Many properties of PSs have already been confirmed and the list of postulated functions continues to grow. Fungal PSs are classified into different groups according to systematic affinity, structure (linear and branched), sugar composition (homo- and heteropolysaccharides), type of bonds between the monomers (β-(1 ?nbsp;3), β-(1 ?nbsp;6), and α-(1 ?nbsp;3)) and their location in the cell (cell wall PSs, exoPSs, and endoPSs). Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are most frequently studied fungal PSs but their definition, classification, and origin are still not clear and should be explained. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota fungi producing EPS have different ecological positions (saprotrophic and endophytic, pathogenic or symbiotic-mycorrhizae fungi); therefore, EPSs play different biological functions, for example in the protection against environmental stress factors and in interactions with other organisms. EPSs obtained from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota fungal cultures are known for their antioxidant, immunostimulating, antitumor, and antimicrobial properties. The major objective of the presented review article was to provide a detailed description of the state-of-the-art knowledge of the effectiveness of EPS production by filamentous and yeast Ascomycota and Basidiomycota fungi and techniques of derivation of EPSs, their biochemical characteristics, and biological properties allowing comprehensive analysis as well as indication of similarities and differences between these fungal groups. Understanding the role of EPSs in a variety of processes and their application in food or pharmaceutical industries requires improvement of the techniques of their derivation, purification, and characterization. The detailed analyses of data concerning the derivation and application of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota EPSs can facilitate development and trace the direction of application of these EPSs in different branches of industry, agriculture, and medicine. Keywords Exopolysaccharides Fungi Ascomycota Basidiomycota Biological properties