Molecular characterization and evolutionary origins of farinin genes in Brachypodium distachyon L.

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• 作者：Saminathan Subburaj ; Nana Luo ; Xiaobing Lu ; Xiaohui Li…
• 刊名：Journal of Applied Genetics
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：August 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：57
• 期：3
• 页码：287-303
• 全文大小：3,370 KB
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences, general; Animal Genetics and Genomics; Human Genetics; Microbial Genetics and Genomics; Plant Genetics & Genomics;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：2190-3883
• 卷排序：57

文摘

Farinins are one of the oldest members of the gluten family in wheat and Aegilops species, and they influence dough properties. Here, we performed the first detailed molecular genetic study on farinin genes in Brachypodium distachyon L., the model species for Triticum aestivum. A total of 51 b-type farinin genes were cloned and characterized, including 27 functional and 24 non-functional pseudogenes from 14 different B. distachyon accessions. All genes were highly similar to those previously reported from wheat and Aegilops species. The identification of deduced amino acid sequences showed that b-type farinins across Triticeae genomes could be classified as b1-, b2-, b3-, and b4-type farinins; however, B. distachyon had only b3- and b4-type farinins. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that farinin genes are transcribed into mRNA in B. distachyon at much lower levels than in Triticeae, despite the presence of cis-acting elements in promoter regions. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that Brachypodium farinins may have closer relationships with common wheat and further confirmed four different types of b-type farinins in Triticeae and Brachypodium genomes, corresponding to b1, b2, b3 (group 1), and b4 (group 2). A putative evolutionary origin model of farinin genes in Brachypodium, Triticum, and the related species suggests that all b-type farinins diverged from their common ancestor ~3.2 million years ago (MYA). The b3 and b4 types could be considered older in the farinin family. The results explain the loss of b1- and b2-type farinin alleles in Brachypodium.KeywordsBrachypodium distachyon L.FarininsMolecular cloningqRT-PCREvolution