“As it is said in a Sutra- Freedom and Variation in Quotations from the Buddhist Scriptures in Early Bka-gdams-pa literature

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• 作者：Ulrike Roesler
• 关键词：Tibetan Buddhism ; Buddhist canonical scriptures ; Tibetan translation ; Bka-gdams pa ; Textual reuse
• 刊名：Journal of Indian Philosophy
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：November 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：43
• 期：4-5
• 页码：493-510
• 全文大小：440 KB
• 参考文献：Primary SourcesA-khu Rin-po-che Shes-rab rgya-mtsho. [A khu dpe tho.] Dpe rgyun dkon pa ‘ga-zhig gi tho yig. In Materials for a History of Tibetan Literature, vol. 3. Edited by Lokesh Chandra. (?ata-pi?aka Series 30) New Delhi 1963.
  Ati?a Dīpa?kara?rīj?āna. Bodhipathapradīpa. Ein Lehrgedicht des Ati?a (Dīpa?kara?rīj?āna) in der tibetischen überlieferung. Herausgegeben von Helmut Eimer. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz 1978.
  Ati?a Dīpa?kara?rīj?āna. [Bodhipathapradīpa Engl.] A Lamp for the Path and Commentary of Atī?a. Translated and annotated by Richard Shernburne, S.J. London: George Allen & Unwin 1987.
  Ati?a Dīpa?kara?rīj?āna. [Jo bo’i chos chung brgya rtsa.] The Complete works of Atī?a, ?rī Dīpa?kara J?āna, Jo-bo-rje. The Lamp for the Path and the Commentary, together with the newly translated Twenty-five Key Texts. (Tibetan and English.) Translated and annotated by Richard Sherburne, SJ. Delhi: Aditya Prakashan 2000.
  Ati?a Dīpa?kara?rīj?āna. Mahāsūtrasamuccaya: see Mochizuki.
  Bka-’gyur and Bstan ’gyur editions used:
  D (Derge blockprint edition): The Tibetan Tripitaka. Taipei Edition. Editor-in-Chief A.W. Barber. 72 vols. Taipei 1991.
  Q (Beijing blockprint edition): The Tibetan Tripitaka. Peking Edition. Kept in the library of the Otani University, Kyoto. Reprinted under the Supervision of the Otani University, Kyoto. Edited by Daisetz T. Suzuki. 168 vols. Tokyo-Kyoto 1955-961.
  Bsod-nams lha’i dbang-po. bKa-gdams rin po che’i chos ’byung rnam thar nyin mor byed pa’i ’od stong. In Two Histories of the bKa-gdams-pa Tradition from the Library of Burmiok Athing. [Gangtok 1977.]
  Dkar chag ’Phang thang ma [and] Sgra sbyor bam po gnyis pa. Ed. by rTa-rdo. Beijing: Mi rigs dpe mdzod khang 2003.
  Dkar chag ’Phang thang ma. Ed. by Eishin Kawagoe. (Tohoku Society for Indo-Tibetan Studies Monograph Series 3.) Tohoku Society for Indo-Tibetan Studies 2005.
  [Dol-pa Shes-rab rgya-mtsho, Be’u bum sngon po with Lha ’Bri-sgang-pa’s commentary.] In Gangs can rig brgya’i sgo ’byed lde mig, deb bcu drug pa. Beijing: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang 1991.
  Gro-lung-pa. Bstan rim chen mo. Accessed through ACIP, www.?asianclassics.?org/?etext.?php .
  Lalita Vistara: Leben und Lehre des ?akya-Buddha. Textausgabe mit Varianten-, Metren- und W?rterverzeichnis. Herausgegeben von S. Lefmann. Teil 1: Text. Teil 2: Varianten-, Metren- und W?rterverzeichnis. Halle a.S.: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses 1902-908.
  [Po-to-ba Rin-chen-gsal/Lce-sgom Shes-rab rdo-rje.] Dpe chos dang dpe chos rin chen spungs pa. Ed. by Mgon-po dar-rgyas. Beijing: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang 1991. [For further editions, blockprints and manuscripts see Roesler 2011, chapter 7.]
  [Sgra sbyor bam po gnyis pa.] Materials for Tibetan-Mongolian Dictionaries, Vol. 2: A Critical Edition of the Sgra sbyor bam po gnyis pa: An Old and Basic Commentary on the Mahāvyutpatti. Ed. by Mie Ishikawa. (Studia Tibetica no. 18.) Tokyo: The Toyo Bunko 1990.
  Secondary SourcesDreyfuss, G. B. J. (2003). The sound of two hands clapping: The education of a Tibetan Buddhist Monk. Berkeley: University of California Press.View Article
  Eimer, Helmut see Ati?a, Bodhipathapradīpa.
  Epp, E. J., & Fee, G. D. (1993). Studies in the theory and method of New Testament textual criticism. Studies and Documents 45. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
  Halkias, G. (2004). Tibetan Buddhism Registered: A catalogue from the Imperial Court of ’Phang Thang- The Eastern Buddhist, New Series, XXXVI(1 & 2), 46-05.
  Jackson, D. (1996). The bsTan rim (“stages of the doctrine- and similar graded expositions of the Bodhisattva’s Path. In J. I. Cabezón & R. R. Jackson (Eds.), Tibetan Literature: Studies in Genre (pp. 229-43). Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications.
  van der Kuijp, L. (2001). On the Fifteenth Century Lho rong chos ’byung by Rta tshag Tshe dbang rgyal and its importance for Tibetan Political and Religious History. Lungta, 14, 57-6.
  Lalou, M. (1953). Les textes bouddhiques au temps de Khri-sro?lde-bcan. Journal Asiatique, CCXLI(3), 313-53.
  Langelaar, R. J. (2011). Quoting Sūtra Second-Hand: Sūtra, ?āstra & Other Sources in Tsongkhapa’s Lamrim Chenmo. B.A. Thesis, Leiden University.
  Lefmann, S. (1902-908). See Lalita Vistara.
  Mochizuki, K. (2002). A study of the Mahāsūtrasamuccaya of Dīpa?kara?rīj?āna. A report of grant-in-aid for encouragement of young scientists. Minobu: Minobusan University.
  Mochizuki, K. (2004). A Study of the Mahāsūtrasamuccaya of Dīpa?kara?rīj?āna II: Tibetan Text. Minobu: Minobusan University.
  Roesler, U. (2011). Frühe Quellen zum buddhistischen Stufenweg in Tibet: Indische und tibetische Traditionen im dPe chos des Po-to-ba Rin-chen-gsal. Monographien zur indischen Arch?ologie, Kunst und Philologie 20. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag.
  Roesler, U., & Roesler, H.-U. (2004). Kadampa sites of Phempo: A guide to some early Buddhist Monasteries in Central Tibet. Bauddha Books 2. Kathma
• 作者单位：Ulrike Roesler (1)
  
  1. Oriental Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  
• 刊物类别：Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
• 刊物主题：Philosophy
  Non-Western Philosophy
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-0395

文摘

The phyi dar or ?later dissemination-of Buddhism in Tibet is known to be a crucial formative period of Tibetan Buddhism; yet, many questions still wait to be answered: How did Tibetan Buddhist teachers of this time approach the Buddhist scriptures? Did they quote from books or from memory? Did they study Buddhism through original Sūtras or exegetical literature? To what degree was the text of the scriptures fixed and standardised before the Bka-’gyur and the Bstan ’gyur were compiled? In search for some answers to questions such as these, the present article focuses on the gzhung pa or ?scriptural tradition-of the Bka-gdams-pa school of Tibetan Buddhism. Their works contain quotations from the Indian Buddhist scriptures that sometimes differ markedly from the mainstream editions of the Bka-’gyur and Bstan ’gyur. There are several possible explanations for such discrepancies: The Tibetan authors might be quoting a different Tibetan translation that was later discarded by the redactors of the Tibetan canon; they might be quoting from a secondary source such as a commentary or Buddhist anthology; or they might be quoting from memory, changing the text either deliberately or by accident. Giving examples from works of the early Bka-gdams-pa masters this article discusses how textual deviations from the canonical versions can be explained. It will thereby provide insights into the way the Indian Buddhist scriptures were studied and transmitted in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition around the 11th-3th centuries.