Persistence of malachite green and leucomalachite green in perch (Lateolabrax japonicus)

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Zhijun Tan (1) (2)
  Lihong Xing (1) (2)
  Mengmeng Guo (1) (2)
  Hongyan Wang (1) (2) (3)
  Yanhua Jiang (1) (2)
  Zhaoxin Li (1) (2)
  Yuxiu Zhai (1) (2)
  
• 关键词：persistence ; residues ; malachite green ; leucomalachite green ; perch
• 刊名：Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology
• 出版年：2011
• 出版时间：May 2011
• 年：2011
• 卷：29
• 期：3
• 页码：647-655
• 全文大小：461KB
• 参考文献：1. Alderman D J. 1985. Malachite green-a review. / J. Fish Dis., 8: 289-98. CrossRef
  2. Alderman D J, Clifton-Hadley R S. 1993. Malachite green: a pharmacokinetic study in rainbow trout, / Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). / J. Fish Dis., 16(4): 297-11. CrossRef
  3. Bose B, Motiwale L, Rao K V K. 2005. DNA damage and G2/M arrest in Syrian hamster embryo cells during Malachite green exposure are associated with elevated phosphorylation of ERK1 and JNK1. / Cancer Letters, 230: 260-70. CrossRef
  4. Bergwerff A A, Kuiper R V, Scherpenisse P. 2004. Persistence of residues of malachite green in juvenile eels ( / Anguilla anguilla). / Aquaculture, 233: 55-3. CrossRef
  5. Council Regulation. 1990. 2377/90/EC, Off. J. Eur. Commun., p.24.
  6. Commission Decision. 2003. Amending Decision 2002/657/EC as regards the setting of minimum required performance limits (MRPLs) for certain residues in food of animal origin. / O. J. Europ. Comm., 6: 38-9.
  7. Culp S J, Blankenship L R, Kusewitt D F, Doerge D R, Mulligan L T, Beland F A. 1999. Toxicity and metabolism of malachite green and leucomalacite green during short-term feeding to Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. / Chem. Biol. Interact., 122: 153-70. CrossRef
  8. Culp S J, Beland F A, Heflich R H, Benson R W, Blankenship L R, Webb P J, Mellick P W, Trotter R W, Shelton S D, Greenlees K L, Manjanatha M G. 2002. Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity in relation to DNA adduct formation in rats fed leucomalachite green. / Mutat. Res., 506/507: 55-3.
  9. Halme K, Lindfors E, Peltonen K. 2004. Determination of malachite green residues in rainbow trout muscle with liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. / Food Addit. Contam., 21: 641-48. CrossRef
  10. Hajee C A J. 1997. Residues of mebendazole and malachite green in eel and trout: analytical and pharmacokinetical aspects, Dissertation at Utrecht University, Utrecht. p.183.
  11. Hume P, Murby E J, Swarbrick A. 1997. Postcolumn electrochemical oxidation of leucomalachite green for the analysis of rainbow trout flesh using HPLC with absorbency detection. / J. Liq. Chromatogr. R. T., 20(14): 2 269- 280.
  12. Jeong-ju N. 2005. Cancer-causing chemical found in local farm fish. / The Korea Times, 6 October 2005.
  13. Lee K C, Wu J L, Cai Z W. 2006. Determination of malachite green and leucomalachite green in edible goldfish muscle by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. / J. Chromatogr. B, 843: 247-51 CrossRef
  14. Máchová J, Svobodová Z, Svobodník J, Piacka V, Vykusová B, Kocová A. 1996. Persistence of malachite green in tissues of rainbow trout after a long-term therapeutic bath. / Acta. Vet. Brno., 65: 151-59. CrossRef
  15. Manjanatha M G, Shelton S D, Bishop M, Shaddock J G, Dobrovolsky V N, Heflich R H, Webb P J, Blankenship L R, Beland F A, Greenlees K J, Culp S J. 2004. Analysis of mutations and bone marrow micronuclei in Big Blue rats fed leucomalachite green. / Mutat. Res., 547: 5-8.
  16. Melendre P M, Celada J D, Carral J M, Sáez-Royuela M, Aguiera A. 2006. Effectiveness of antifungal treatments during artificial incubation of the signal crayfish eggs ( / Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana. Astacidae). / Aquaculture, 257: 257-65. CrossRef
  17. Mitrowska K, Posyniak A, Zmudzki J. 2005. Determination of malachite green and leucomalachite green in carp muscle by liquid chromatography with visible and fluorescence detection. / J. Chromatogr. A, 1 089: 187-92. CrossRef
  18. Mittelstaedt R A, Mei N, Webb P J, Shaddock J G, Dobrovolsky V N, McGarrity L J, Morris S M, Chen T, Beland F A, Greenlees K J, Heflich R H. 2004. Genotoxicity of malachite green and leucomalachite green in female Big Blue B6C3F1 mice. / Mutat. Res., 561: 127-38.
  19. Munshi J S D, Huhges G M. 1991. Structure of respiratory islets of accessory respiratory organs and their relationship with the gill in the climbing perch, Anabas testudineus ( / Teleostei Perciforrnfs). / J. Morpho., 209: 241-56. CrossRef
  20. Nowak B, De Guingand P. 1997. Effects of prophylactic treatments with malachite green on early life stages of rainbow trout. / Aust. J. Ecotoxicol., 3(2): 141-46.
  21. Poe W E, Wilson R P. 1983. Absorption of malachite green by channel catfish. / Prog. Fish-Cult., 45: 228-29. CrossRef
  22. Rushing L G, Hansen Jr E B. 1997. Confirmation of malachite green, gentian violet and their leuco analogs in catfish and trout tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography utilizing electrochemistry with ultraviolet-visible diode array detection and fluorescence detection. / J. Chromatogra. B., 700(1-): 223-31. CrossRef
  23. Scherpenisse P, Bergwerff A A. 2005. Determination of residues of malachite green in finfish by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. / Analytica. Chimica. Acta., 529: 173-77. CrossRef
  24. Srivastava S, Shiha R, Roy D. 2004. Toxicolgical effects of malachite green. / Aquatic. Toxicol., 66: 319-29. CrossRef
  25. Schuetze A, Thomas H, Susanne J. 2008. Occurrence of residues of the veterinary drug malachite green in eels caught downstream from municipal sewage treatment plants. / Chemosphere, 72(11): 1 664- 670. CrossRef
  26. Valle L, Díaz C, Zanocco A L, Richter P. 2005. Determination of the sum of malachite green and leucomalachite green in salmon muscle by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry. / J. Chromatogra. A., 1 067: 101-05. CrossRef
  27. Veterinary Residues Committee. 2004. Annual Report on Surveillance for Veterinary Residues in Food in the UK. p.1-0
  28. Yan S L, Gao Z X, Fang Y J, Cheng Y Y, Zhou H Y, Wang H Y. 2007. Characterization and quality assessment of binding properties of malachite green molecularly imprinted polymers prepared by precipitation polymerization in acetonitrile. / Dyes. Pigments., 74: 572-77. CrossRef
  29. Yndestad M. 1993. Problems with drug residues in farmed fish. / In: Haagsma N, Ruiter A, Czedik-Eysenberg P B eds. Conference on Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Food. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands. p.115-24.
  
• 作者单位：Zhijun Tan (1) (2)
  Lihong Xing (1) (2)
  Mengmeng Guo (1) (2)
  Hongyan Wang (1) (2) (3)
  Yanhua Jiang (1) (2)
  Zhaoxin Li (1) (2)
  Yuxiu Zhai (1) (2)
  
  1. Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao, 266071, China
  2. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, National Center for Quality Supervision and Test of Aquatic Products, Qingdao, 266071, China
  3. Jinzhu(Yantai) Food Research and Development Co. Ltd., Yantai, 264006, China
  
• ISSN：1993-5005

文摘

The persistence of malachite green (MG), and its metabolite leucomalachite green (LMG), in fish tissues is still unclear, leading to many trade disputes. In this research, we established and evaluated an HPLC method that could detect MG and LMG simultaneously, and then investigated the persistence of these two toxins in the tissues of juvenile perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) post sub-chronic MG exposure at 1.0 mg/L. Exposure lasted for 2 h everyday and was repeated six times. The perch were then placed in MG-free seawater for 100 d to eliminate the toxins. Results show that MG accumulated in the tissues, including the gills, liver, muscle, blood and viscera, and then was metabolized rapidly to LMG. The concentrations of these two toxins increased significantly with the accumulation process. In general, the highest concentrations of MG and LMG in all tissue exceeded 1 000 μg/kg, except for MG in the muscle. The order of accumulation levels (highest to lowest) of MG was gill>blood>liver>viscera>muscle, while that of LMG was liver>blood>gill>viscera>muscle. High levels of MG or LMG could persist for several hours but decreased rapidly during the elimination process. The concentration of LMG was much higher than that of MG during the experiment, especially in the gill, liver and blood. Therefore, the three tissues play important roles in toxin accumulation, biotransformation, and elimination. Although the MG and LMG concentrations in muscle were much lower than in other tissues, the content still exceeded the European minimum required performance limit (MRPL), even after 2 400 h (100 d) of elimination. This demonstrates that it is extremely difficult to eliminate MG and LMG from tissues of perch, and therefore use of these toxins is of concern to public health.