The effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ and nitrogen amendments on subsurface CO₂ production and concentration dynamics in a maturing pine forest

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• 作者：Edoardo Daly ; Sari Palmroth ; Paul Stoy ; Mario Siqueira ; A. Christopher Oishi ; Jehn-Yih Juang ; Ram Oren ; Amilcare Porporato and Gabriel G. Katul
• 关键词：Soil CO2 dynamics ; Climate change ; Elevated atmospheric CO2 ; Nitrogen deposition ; Fertilization ; Loblolly pine
• 刊名：Biogeochemistry
• 出版年：2009
• 出版时间：July, 2009
• 年：2009
• 卷：94
• 期：3
• 页码：271-287
• 全文大小：1.5 MB

文摘

Profiles of subsurface soil CO₂ concentration, soil temperature, and soil moisture, and throughfall were measured continuously during the years 2005 and 2006 in 16 locations at the free air CO₂ enrichment facility situated within a temperate loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand. Sampling at these locations followed a 4 by 4 replicated experimental design comprised of two atmospheric CO₂ concentration levels (ambient [CO₂]a, ambient + 200 ppmv, [CO₂]e) and two soil nitrogen (N) deposition levels (ambient, ambient + fertilization at 11.2 g_N m−2 year−1). The combination of these measurements permitted indirect estimation of belowground CO₂ production and flux profiles in the mineral soil. Adjacent to the soil CO₂ profiles, direct (chamber-based) measurements of CO₂ fluxes from the soil–litter complex were simultaneously conducted using the automated carbon efflux system. Based on the measured soil CO₂ profiles, neither [CO₂]e nor N fertilization had a statistically significant effect on seasonal soil CO₂, CO₂ production, and effluxes from the mineral soil over the study period. Soil moisture and temperature had different effects on CO₂ concentration depending on the depth. Variations in CO₂ were mostly explained by soil temperature at deeper soil layers, while water content was an important driver at the surface (within the first 10 cm), where CO₂ pulses were induced by rainfall events. The soil effluxes were equal to the CO₂ production for most of the time, suggesting that the site reached near steady-state conditions. The fluxes estimated from the CO₂ profiles were highly correlated to the direct measurements when the soil was neither very dry nor very wet. This suggests that a better parameterization of the soil CO₂ diffusivity is required for these soil moisture extremes.